Abstract
The developing resistance of plant pathogenic fungi to commercial fungicides has become a serious problem for efficient plant disease control. The use of antifungal preparations based on living microorganisms or their metabolites represents one of the possible environmentally friendly approaches. However, since a complete rejection of chemical fungicides is impossible, the combining of biopreparations and fungicides may be considered a promising biocontrol approach. Promising strains for the development of antifungal biopreparations include Penicillium fungi producing various biologically active compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral activities. A dry biomass of the P. chrysogenum F-24-28 strain (DMP) obtained from the P. chrysogenum VKPM F-1310 strain by induced mutagenesis possessed a high antifungal efficiency. According to in vitro experiments, supplementation of agarized medium with DMP (7.5–10 g/L) resulted in a significant growth inhibition in several plant pathogenic Fusarium fungi. The combination of DMP with a commercial azoxystrobin-based fungicide resulted in a prolonged growth inhibition in F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. culmorum even at fungicide concentrations significantly below the recommended level (0.5–2.5 mg/L or 2.5–12.5 g/ha vs. the recommended 100–275 g/ha). These results demonstrate a possibility to develop an efficient environmentally friendly biopreparation suitable to control crop diseases caused by a wide range of plant pathogens, and to prevent a possible selection and spreading of resistant pathogen strains.
Highlights
The developing resistance of plant pathogenic fungi to commercial fungicides has become a serious problem for efficient plant disease control
At the initial stage of the study, three strains of Penicillium fungi were evaluated for their antagonistic activity towards several pathogens characterized by a wide range of their possible hosts (F. oxysporum MP-14-6, A. solani 100053 and P. glomerata 100085)
The highest antagonistic activity in relation to the used plant pathogens was revealed in P. chrysogenum VKPM F-1310
Summary
The developing resistance of plant pathogenic fungi to commercial fungicides has become a serious problem for efficient plant disease control. Promising strains for the development of antifungal biopreparations include Penicillium fungi producing various biologically active compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral activities. According to in vitro experiments, supplementation of agarized medium with DMP (7.5–10 g/L) resulted in a significant growth inhibition in several plant pathogenic Fusarium fungi. The combination of DMP with a commercial azoxystrobin-based fungicide resulted in a prolonged growth inhibition in. F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. culmorum even at fungicide concentrations significantly below the recommended level (0.5–2.5 mg/L or 2.5–12.5 g/ha vs the recommended 100–275 g/ha) These results demonstrate a possibility to develop an efficient environmentally friendly biopreparation suitable to control crop diseases caused by a wide range of plant pathogens, and to prevent a possible selection and spreading of resistant pathogen strains. The arsenal of existing approaches to control various plant pathogens, especially those used in intensive plant cultivation technologies, mainly includes chemical methods [6,7,8]
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