Abstract
By using the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced cytotoxicity in β-TC3 cells as an assay model, a bioassay-guided fractionation study was employed to isolate and characterize the potential antidiabetic principles of roots of Prosopis farcta. A combination of open column chromatography on reverse-phase silica gel using a water-ethanol gradient (10 : 90 to 100 : 0) followed by HPLC-based fractionation led to an active compound that appears to be composed of carbohydrate/sugar. When cell viability under STZ was reduced to 49.8 ± 4% (mean ± SD), treatment with the active compound at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL either as a coadministration or a pretreatment improved the viability to 93 ± 1.9% and 91.5 ± 7%, respectively. The reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential by STZ (47.34 ± 8.9% of control) was similarly recovered to 84.5 ± 4.3 (coadministration) and 88 ± 5.5% (pretreatment) by the active fraction. The bioassay-guided fractionation, β-cell protective effect, and increased glucose consumption (up to 1.49-fold increase) in hepatocytes by the extracts and active fraction are also discussed.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance which may be combined with insufficient amount of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells [1]
Determination of Nontoxic Concentration of Fractions on β-TC3 Cell Line. e crude extract of the roots of P. farcta was fractioned as described in the experimental section, and the overall approach is depicted in Scheme 1
When fractions F1–F7 were screened at the highest nontoxic concentration used (0.5 mg/mL coadministered with STZ) [16], only fraction 2 (F2) showed significant protective effect to β-TC3 cells against STZ (Figure 1)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance which may be combined with insufficient amount of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells [1]. While antidiabetic drugs in current use (e.g., sulphonylureas such as glibenclamide) offer some benefits, they induce undesirable side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, skin reactions, acute porphyria, and rarely hyponatremia [5]. E use of plants for the treatment of diabetes goes back to more than 3,500 years, with many of them considered to be associated with relatively little side effects compared with synthetic drugs [6]. E effect of the carbohydrate/sugar components as active principle to ameliorate the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells (β-TC3) and increased glucose consumption in hepatocytes are discussed We employed in vitro studies to fractionate the crude extract and attempted to isolate the active principle. e effect of the carbohydrate/sugar components as active principle to ameliorate the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells (β-TC3) and increased glucose consumption in hepatocytes are discussed
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