Abstract
Purpose: To explore the anti-diabetic effects of Moringa oleifera extracts and fractions, and to identify their active/marker compounds.Methods: Five different aqueous ethanol extracts (95, 75, 50, 25 %v/v and 100 % water) of Moringa oleifera were given orally to normal rats to assess their hypoglycemic activities and effect on intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) data. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were used to assess acute and sub-chronic anti-hyperglycemic activities. The most active extract was further subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water; these fractions were screened for anti-diabetic activities. The most active extract, and fractions thereof, were then subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. Standardization was achieved via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and used to identify marker compounds.Results: Of all the extracts and fractions, 95 % (v/v) ethanol extract (at 1,000 mg/kg) and the butanol fraction thereof (at 500 mg/kg) were the most active, reducing blood glucose concentration after onetime (acute) administration to diabetic rats (p < 0.01). No significant hypoglycemic activity was apparent, and the materials had no effect on IPGTT performance by normal rats. TLC and HPLC identified quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and cryptochlorogenic acid.Conclusion: An M. oleifera leaf extract exhibited anti-hyperglycaemic activity in diabetic rats only. This effect was likely attributable to cryptochlorogenic acid, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-Oglucoside. Keywords: Anti-diabetic, Moringa oleifera, Cryptochlorogenic acid, Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, Streptozotocin
Highlights
Glucose homeostasis is the balance between glucose production and utilisation by peripheral tissues
blood glucose (BG) concentrations rose after administration of all extracts (95, 75, 50, 25 % [v/v] ethanol and water) for up to 3 h, but declined over the 4 h (Table 2)
Effects of multiple-dose M. oleifera extracts in diabetic rats
Summary
Glucose homeostasis is the balance between glucose production and utilisation by peripheral tissues. We identified active anti-diabetic compounds in extracts and fractions of Moringa oleifera. The samples (the 95 % ethanol extract and the butanol fraction) were dissolved to 5 mg/mL and the standards (cryptochlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3β-D-glucoside) were dissolved to 1 mg/mL. A 95 % (v/v) ethanol extract, the butanol fraction thereof (1,000 ppm), and standard compound (2,000 ppm) stock solutions were prepared in methanol, filtered through syringe filter (0.45-μm pore size), and analysed on an 1100/1200 HPLC plateform (Agilent Technologies, USA) fitted with a column thermostat, a quaternary pump, a diode array detector, and an agilent 1200 autosampler (SL 1). Quercetin 3β-D-glucoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside in the active 95 % (v/v) ethanol extract and the butanol fraction thereof, the peak heights of samples were compared with those of standards. GraphPad Prism (version 6.0) software was used
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