Anticonvulsant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Acorus Calamus Leaves in Albino Mice

Abstract

Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag, has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of ailmentsincluding inflammation, chest pain, digestive disorders and some mental illnesses. Its effects on the neurological conditions havebeen well documented for axinolytic and antidepressant activities. With this background, the aim of the present study is evaluatethe anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of Acorus calamus leaves in albino mice. The study included albino mice dividedinto 8 groups of 6 mice each. Maximum electroshock induced seizures (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) tests wereperformed on the animal models to evaluate the antiepileptic activity (4 groups were allocated to MES and 4 to PTZ). Themethanolic extract of Acorus calamus leaves exhibited a significant reduction in the duration of hind limb extensor phase in MESmodel (7.116±0.501 seconds for control and 9.116± 0.527 seconds for extract) and delayed the latency of seizures induced byPTZ (485.500±14.941 seconds) when compared with that of the control group (297.000±21.918 seconds). In addition, thegroups administered with the extract and sodium valproate in combination exhibited significant results in both MES and PTZmodels (T2- 92.61% and T4- 21.95 %, respectively). Preliminary phytochemical screening performed in several studies has shownthe presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The anticonvulsant activity of Acorus calamus may be mediated byits GABA potentiating activity. It can thus be concluded that the observed anticonvulsant effects could be the resultant of asynergistic action of these phytochemicals. Further studies should be undertaken to substantiate these results on various animalmodels along with a thorough phytochemical analysis and in silico studies to understand the mode of action of thesephytochemicals on various GABA receptor-mediated signaling.