Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major cause of many health conditions, and regular consumption of antioxidants helped to encounter and prevent such oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to safety concerns over long-term uses of synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidants are more preferred. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Jussiaea repens L., a wild edible flora found in Manipur, India. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and DNA-nicking assay. The anticancer activity was tested using five cancer lines viz., SKOV3 cells (ovarian), HeLa (cervical), MDA-MB-231 (breast), PANC-1 (pancreatic), and PC3 (prostate). The toxicity, developmental effect, antiproliferative activity was further tested using zebrafish embryos. The methanolic plant extract had higher polyphenol content than flavonoids. The in vitro study demonstrated a promising antioxidant capacity and DNA protection ability of this plant. The extract also showed cytotoxic activity against SKOV3, HeLa, MDA-MB-23, and PANC-1 cancer cell lines. The in vivo studies on zebrafish embryos demonstrated the extract’s ability to suppress the developmental process and elicited more cytotoxicity to cancer cells than developing zebrafish embryos. Moreover, the in vivo studies on zebrafish embryos also indicated the antiproliferative activity of J. repens L. extract.
Highlights
The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of J. repens L. were expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g extract weight) and quercetin equivalent (QE/g extract weight), respectively
Our study showed that J. repens L. had effective antiproliferative activity and can be further explored for its pharmaceutical application
The antioxidant and anticancer activity of J. repens L. deciphered in the present study suggests that this underutilized aquatic plant is a potential candidate for developing anticancer drugs
Summary
Oxidative stress is the major cause of many health conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, aging and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s [1,2,3,4]. This adverse effect is due to disruption in the balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s mechanism to counter such elevated reactive species [5]. Antioxidant reduces the oxidative damage by directly scavenging the ROS, chelating, or elevating cellular antioxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase that mitigate the oxidative stress [6]. Regular consumption of antioxidants as a part of nutraceuticals or dietary supplements at an appropriate dose helped to encounter and prevent the body from oxidative stress-related diseases [6]
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