Anticancer Potential of Fruit Extracts from Vatica diospyroides Symington Type SS and Their Effect on Program Cell Death of Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

Atchara Chothiphirat,Theera Srisawat,Kesara Nittayaboon,Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon,Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul

doi:10.1155/2019/5491904

Abstract

Vatica diospyroides Symington is locally known as Chan-Ka-Pho in Thailand. Ancient people have used it as therapeutic plant for cardiac and blood tonic cure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity and selectivity of the extracts from V. diospyroides type SS fruit on cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cell lines and to examine its underlying mechanism of action. MTT assay revealed that the extracts showed inhibition of cell survival in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited highly cytotoxic activity against both HeLa and SiHa cells with IC50 value less than 20 μg/mL along with less toxicity against L929 cells. Acetone cotyledon extract (ACE) showed the best selectivity index value of 4.47 (HeLa) and 3.51 (SiHa). Distinctive morphological changes were observed in ACE-treated cervical cancer cells contributing to apoptosis action. Flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining precisely indicated that ACE induced apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of ACE with half IC50 caused DNA fragmentation and also activated increasing of bax and cleaved caspase-8 protein in HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. The results suggest that ACE has potent and selective cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells and the potential to induce bax and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Hence, the ACE could be further exploited as a potential lead in cancer treatment.

Highlights

Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in females worldwide, with 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths annually [1]
Human cervical cancer cell lines used in this research are HeLa (ATCC5 CCL-26) and SiHa (ATCC5 HTB-356)
The selectivity index (SI) values of Acetone cotyledon extract (ACE) in HeLa and SiHa cells compared with L929 cells were 4.47 and 3.51, respectively (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in females worldwide, with 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths annually [1]. The recurrence rate of cervical cancer is still high in developing countries, and radical surgery affects the long-term recovery and survival rate of patients after curative resection [4]. Radioactive rays and most anticancer drugs suppress DNA duplication or damage DNA in order to kill cancer cells divided rapidly. They affect normal cells to cause adverse side effects, such as bone marrow function inhibition, nausea, vomiting, and alopecia [5, 6]. New forms of therapy should be discovered to improve the clinical outcome of patients with cervical cancer

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