Antibody Response to Canine Parvovirus Vaccination in Dogs with Hypothyroidism Treated with Levothyroxine.

Michèle Bergmann,Yury Zablotski,Matthias Mayr,Stephanie Speck,Katrin Hartmann,Monika Freisl,Astrid Wehner,Uwe Truyen

doi:10.3390/vaccines9020180

Michèle Bergmann, Yury Zablotski + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020180

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Abstract

(1) Background: No information is available on how dogs with hypothyroidism (HypoT) respond to vaccination. This study measured pre- and post-vaccination anti-canine parvovirus (CPV) antibodies in dogs with HypoT treated with levothyroxine and compared the results to those of healthy dogs. (2) Methods: Six dogs with HypoT and healthy age-matched control dogs (n = 23) were vaccinated against CPV with a modified-live vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition was used to measure antibodies on days 0, 7, and 28. The comparison of the vaccination response of dogs with HypoT and healthy dogs were performed with univariate analysis. (3) Results: Pre-vaccination antibodies (≥10) were detected in 100% of dogs with HypoT (6/6; 95% CI: 55.7–100) and in 100% of healthy dogs (23/23; 95% CI: 83.1–100.0). A ≥4-fold titer increase was observed in none of the dogs with HypoT and in 4.3% of the healthy dogs (1/23; CI95%: <0.01–22.7). Mild vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) were detected in 33.3% of the dogs with HypoT (2/6; 95% CI: 9.3–70.4) and in 43.5% (10/23; 95% CI: 25.6–63.2) of the healthy dogs. (4) Conclusions: There was neither a significant difference in the dogs’ pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 1.000), or vaccination response (p = 0.735), nor in the occurrence of post-vaccination VAAEs (p = 0.798). The vaccination response in dogs with levothyroxine-treated HypoT seems to be similar to that of healthy dogs.

Highlights

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is highly contagious and infection can be fatal if unprotected dogs are exposed to the virus [1]; all dogs should be protected at any time [2]
The aim of this study was to measure pre- and post-vaccination anti-canine parvovirus (CPV) antibodies in dogs with HypoT treated with levothyroxine and compare the results to those for healthy dogs
The administration of triiodothyronine (T3) and T4 suppressed the basal and ACTH-stimulated levels of blood cortisol, at least in rats [23]; in contrast, low levels of thyroid hormones could lead to a chronic elevation of endogenous blood cortisol and impaired immune function [22], a previous study revealed that the immune response of dogs with treated hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) to modified live virus (MLV) vaccination against CPV was not significantly impaired in comparison to that of healthy dogs [25]

Summary

Introduction

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is highly contagious and infection can be fatal if unprotected dogs are exposed to the virus [1]; all dogs should be protected at any time [2]. Vaccination with this core component induces excellent immunity against infection at least in healthy dogs; most of these dogs develop anti-CPV antibodies, indicating protection [2,3,4]. Its true prevalence remains largely unknown, many dogs are presented with or are treated for HypoT [7,8] It is currently unknown whether these dogs develop and maintain (long-lasting) immunity by vaccination with modified live CPV

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