Abstract
It is unknown how dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) respond to vaccination. This study measured antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) in dogs with HAC treated with trilostane before and after CPV vaccination, and compared the immune response to that from healthy dogs. Eleven dogs with HAC, and healthy age-matched control dogs (n = 31) received a modified-live CPV vaccine. Antibodies were determined on days 0, 7, and 28 by hemagglutination inhibition. Univariate analysis was used to compare the immune response of dogs with HAC and healthy dogs. Pre-vaccination antibodies (≥10) were detected in 100% of dogs with HAC (11/11; 95% CI: 70.0–100) and in 93.5% of healthy dogs (29/31; 95% CI: 78.3–99.2). No ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer was observed in dogs with HAC while in 22.6% of healthy dogs, a ≥4-fold titer increase was observed (7/31; 95% CI: 11.1–40.1). Mild vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) were detected in 54.5% of dogs with HAC (6/11; 95% CI: 28.0–78.8) and in 29.0% of healthy dogs (9/31; 95% CI: 15.9–46.8). There was neither a significant difference in presence of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 1.000), or response to vaccination (p = 0.161), nor in the occurrence of VAAEs (p = 0.158). Immune function of dogs with HAC treated with trilostane seems comparable to that of healthy dogs.
Highlights
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly infectious pathogen and still a major infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among the dog population worldwide [1]
Vaccination is strongly recommended for all dogs [2,3]. According to their ability to induce a stronger Th1-dominated immunity, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are superior to inactivated vaccines in mediating protection against viral diseases; they induce a longer duration of immunity [4]
The aim of this study was to determine differences regarding efficacy and safety of vaccination in dogs with HAC treated with trilostane compared to healthy dogs by measuring canine parvovirus (CPV) antibodies within a period of 28 days after MLV vaccination
Summary
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly infectious pathogen and still a major infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among the dog population worldwide [1]. Vaccination is strongly recommended for all dogs [2,3]. According to their ability to induce a stronger Th1-dominated immunity, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are superior to inactivated vaccines in mediating protection against viral diseases; they induce a longer duration of immunity [4]. Presence of serum antibodies against CPV correlates with protective immunity against CPV infection [5], and measurement of antibodies can be used to evaluate the specific immune status of individual dogs. It is currently unknown whether vaccination with MLV is safe and effective in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Vaccine-induced immune stimulation might increase susceptibility to secondary infections in patients with HAC [6]
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