Abstract
One of the global requirements for controlling the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is to understanding the resistivity profile of various clinical isolates. Therefore, this study aimed to deliver the indication of different resistant profiles of clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae from different sources of samples from Khartoum state, Sudan, and to determine the prevalence rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. A total of 144 Gram-negative bacteria were collected from different sources (vaginal swab, urine, catheter tip, sputum, blood, tracheal aspirate, pus, stool, pleural fluid, and throat swab). Samples were subcultured and identified according to their cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for twenty-four antibiotics from eleven categories against all isolated Enterobacteriaceae according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The result showed that out of 144 isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were predominant isolates with the percentage of 47.9 and 25%, respectively. The prevalence of ESBL was higher in K. pneumonia (38.9%) than E. coli (34.8%). All isolated E. coli were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. There was a high prevalence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae, and only one isolate was XDR, while PDR was zero for all isolated bacteria. Active antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) observation through constant data sharing and management of all stakeholders is crucial to recognize and control the AMR global burden. Also, effective antibiotic stewardship procedures would be applied to limit the unreasonable expenditure of antibiotics in Sudan.
Highlights
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection has been increasing globally, which is exacerbated due to the scarcity of innovative classes of antibiotics tested clinically during the past 40 years [1]
K. pneumonia were predominant with percentages 69 (47.9%) and 36 (25%), respectively
Most of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were from urine with a frequency of 51 (35.4%) and 22 (15.37%) for E. coli and K. pneumonia, respectively
Summary
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection has been increasing globally, which is exacerbated due to the scarcity of innovative classes of antibiotics tested clinically during the past 40 years [1]. Bacteria have developed resistant to more powerful antimicrobial agents [2]. The medicinal community needs full knowledge of the degree of the antimicrobial resistance problem, which can be performed by the association of surveillance data for MDR organisms. This phenomenon is prevented by sending the correct information to the public and decisionmakers about the expanding danger of MDROs to health community to encourage the wise usage of antimicrobials and other public health procedures [8,9,10]. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is distinct as developed resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial groups. Pandrug resistance (PDR) is a resistance to all antibiotics in all antimicrobial groups [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call