Abstract
This study was designed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from clinical samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic typhoid patients, selected from some hospitals in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Four hundred bacterial isolates were recovered from these samples, were identified as; Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, and S. paratyphi B using microgen biochemical system, according to the standard techniques. The antibiogram of all these Salmonella spp. were carried out using standard oxoid disc of different antibiotics. Double disc diffusion technique was employed to determine the isolates’ capacity to produce β-lactamase. Results showed 5(1.25%), 0(0.0%), 0(0.0%) of the samples collected were positive for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase, and Metallo β-lactamases (MBL), respectively. The antibiogram profile of the isolates showed that 100% of these isolates are susceptible to Imipenem, only 3% exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone, whereas 7% demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. To the best of our knowledge, this the first study of this kind in the Jigawa state, especially on these Salmonella spp. The study concluded that β-lactamases with the capacity of conferring multidrug resistance were recorded in Salmonella spp. isolated from patients in several hospitals of Jigawa State, Nigeria.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue of major global concern
The results showed that 37 (9.25%) of isolates were ESBL producers based on Double disc synergy test (DDST), while 20 (5.0%) were positive using National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS) break points
A prevalence of 1.25%, 0.0% and 0% were recorded for ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL; respectively, among the recovered isolates of Salmonella spp
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue of major global concern. Antimicrobial resistance take place when germs such as bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. The most important member of this genus is S. typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever; there are more than 2500 serotypes of Salmonellae. Apurba and Sandhya, (2016) reported that most of the pathogenic typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are placed under species enterica and subspecies enterica. Lamini et al, (2018) reported the low prevalence of S. typhi beta lactamase producers among presumptive typhoid patients in Nassarawa state, Nigeria. They reported only 6 ESBL positives samples recovered from 450 stool samples of presumptive typhoid patients in this state, which indicated a prevalence of 1.33%. The objectives of this study were to determine the multi-drug resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolates, to screen and confirm ESBL, AmpC and Carbapenemase (MBL) production by the isolates using a phenotypic method
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