Abstract
A number of drugs can cross the placenta, having a teratogenic and embryotoxic effect on the fetus. For more than half of the drugs currently used, we do not have appropriate studies in order to reveal their effects on the mother or fetus. However, 45-95% of pregnant women are taking medications during pregnancy, 7% of them are continuing a treatment for a disease diagnosed before pregnancy. 17% of pregnant women receive antibiotics. Antibiotic prophylaxis has created a dangerous “false security”, to circumvent then the aseptic and antiseptic traditional gestures. In obstetrics, antibiotic therapy should take into account the particular field of the host and the existence of the first development stages of the fetus until the end of pregnancy. Antibiotic therapy has an undeniable and important contribution in modern obstetrics, but their prophylactic administration does not cover technical, aseptic and antiseptic errors, producing also an antibiotic resistance. The use of antibiotic therapy is required in cases with higher risk: long labor, ruptured membranes, obstetrical maneuvers, dragged patients or with underlying conditions.
Highlights
A number of drugs can cross the placenta, having a teratogenic and embryotoxic effect on the fetus
For more than half of the drugs currently used, we do not have appropriate studies in order to reveal their effects on the mother or fetus
45-95% of pregnant women are taking medications during pregnancy, 7% of them are continuing a treatment for a disease diagnosed before pregnancy. 17% of pregnant women receive antibiotics
Summary
O serie de medicamente pot traversa placenta, având efecte teratogene și embriotoxice asupra produsului de concepție. Pentru peste jumătate din medicamentele utilizate în prezent nu dispunem de studii care să releve efectele acestora asupra mamei sau produsului de concepție. Medicația administrată nu întotdeauna la prescripția medicului poate avea efecte nocive asupra organismului matern, dar și asupra produsului de concepție. În primele 11 zile de la concepție se aplică legea „totul sau nimic“, când afectarea embrionului poate merge până la oprirea în evoluție a sarcinii. În perioada de susceptibilitate redusă, care se întinde de la 8 săptămâni până la momentul nașterii, numită și perioada fetală, agentul teratogen poate produce întârzieri de creștere și dezvoltare, tulburări funcționale ale organelor și sistemelor (Tabelul 1). Medicamente cunoscute sau suspectate a avea efecte teratogene sau alte efecte adverse fetale
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