Antibiogram Screening of Bacterial Pathogens Obtained From Respiratory ‎Manifested Patients in Great Cairo ‎

Abstract

Respiratory tract infections are the most prevalent infections and implemented in hundred thousand deaths among humans globally, especially in the last years. The goal of the current investigation was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of microorganisms isolated from respiratory samples obtained from laboratories in Great Cairo between January to June 2022. A total of 107 samples distributed as fifteen naso-oral, forty three throat and forty nine sputum were collected. Among them, 91 samples (85.04%) exhibited significant microbial growth on culture media and near equal rate in patients with male and female gender (46 and 45 respectively). The most susceptible ages were both under 12 and over 50 years. The microorganism identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted. Out of 91isolates species, 56 (61.54%) were Gram-negative bacteria, 35 (38.46%) were Gram-positive bacteria. Prime microorganisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumonia 28 (30.77%), Streptococcous pneumonia 26 (28.57%), Staphylococcous aureus 9 (9.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 (8.79%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) 8 (8.79%), Citrobacter spp. 7 (7.69%), Proteus vulgaris 4 (4.4%) and one sample positive for non-lactose fermenting (NLF) E. coli (1.1%). In antimicrobial susceptibility assay, the isolates were mostly resistant to many antibiotics; particularly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftazidime, clindamycin, oxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. On the other hand the isolates exposed maximum susceptibility to imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam (100%), as well as cefoperazone-sulbactam (96.66%) and amikacin (85%).In conclusion, the precise identification of causative microorganisms and their susceptibility profiles to antibiotics is pivotal for selecting targeted and effective antibiotic therapy in respiratory tract infections, and to hinder the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited the species most commonly obtained. A high rate of drug resistance was observed in this investigation which may be of public health significance.