Antibactrial Activity of Asteriscus graveolens Methanolic Extract: Synergistic Effect with Fungal Mediated Nanoparticles against Some Enteric Bacterial Human Pathogens

Ibtihal Alrawashdeh,Khaled Khleifat,Haitham Qaralleh,Muhamad Al-Limoun

doi:10.51152/jbarbiomed.v5i2.40

Abstract

Antibactrial activity of Asteriscus graveolens methanolic extract and its synergy effect with fungal mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some enteric bacterial human pathogen was conducted. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the fungal strain namely Tritirachium oryzae W5H as reported early. In this study, MICs of AgNPs against E. aerogenes, Salmonella sp., E. coli and C. albicans in order were 2.13, 19.15, 0.08 and 6.38 µg/mL, respectively, while the MICs of A. graveolens ethanolic extract against the same bacteria were 4, 366, <3300 and 40 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values at concentration less than 19.15 and 40 µg/ml indicating the potent bacteriostatic effect of AgNPs and A. graveolens ethanolic extract. Increasing in IFA was reported when Nitrofurantion and Trimethoprim were combined with Etoh extract with maximum increase in IFA by 6 and 12 folds for, respectively. Also, 10 folds increasing in IFA was reported when trimethoprim was combined with AgNPs: Etoh extract. But, there were no synergistic effect between the antifungal agents (Caspofungin and Micafungin) combined with AgNPs and or A. graveolens ethanolic extract against C. albicans. The potent synergistic effect of A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs with the conventional antibiotics is novel in inhibiting antibiotics resistant bacteria. In this study, remarkable increasing in the antibacterial activity, when the most resistant antibiotics combined with A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs was reported.

Highlights

Nanotechnology rest on the synthesis and applications of nanoparticles in varied areas such as chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine (Pereira et al 2014; Joanna et al 2018)
Different fungal species have been already applied to the synthesis of AgNPs such as Aspergillus terreus, Pestalotiopsis sp., Pimelea columellifera subsp
Aspergillus clavatus, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium aculeatum, Candida albicans, Fusarium verticillioides, and Emericella nidulans (Li et al, 2011; Guilger et al, 2017; Rahimi et al, 2016; Mekkawy et al, 2017). This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity test on A. graveolens ethanolic extract that was synergized with of AgNPs

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology rest on the synthesis and applications of nanoparticles in varied areas such as chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine (Pereira et al 2014; Joanna et al 2018). There has been worldwide development of multidrug-resistant bacteria because of above- or underuse of antibiotics (Rai et al 2017; Khleifat,et al, 2019) These bacteria, as well as other types of microorganisms, have developed resistance to antibiotics, and this problem is documented as an emergent global challenge (Roca et al 2015). To manage the problem of multidrug resistance, new and different antimicrobials are required (Allahverdiyev et al 2011). In this context, the use of silver nanoparticles in conjunction with different antibiotics and Etoh extract (Etoh) may exert antibacterial synergy, leading to the emergence of novel approaches for therapy. Asteriscus graveolens is an endemic Middle Eastern medicinal plant, located in extreme desert environments; its major Etoh extract components were identified as cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, myrtenyl acetate and kessane ( Tayeh et al 2018)

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