Antibacterial Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nigeria to Carbapenems

Elijah Kolawole Oladipo,Abiodun A Ayandele,Elukunbi Hilda Awoyelu,Idowu Jesulayomi Adeosun

doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.2.5

Abstract

The emergent bacterial resistance to antibiotics, most especially Carbapenems, has become a common phenomenon. The aim of the recent study was the observation and evaluation of the antibacterial susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical specimens to different Carbapenems. One hundred isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from different clinical sites, such as leg, caesarean section (CS), head, buttock, breast, thigh, and arm were tested. Using disc diffusion method, the isolates were tested for susceptibility to different antibiotics including Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Colistin sulphate, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Ertapenem, Meropenem, and Imipenem. The results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute disk diffusion standard. All K. pneumoniae isolates were highly susceptible to all classes of Carbapenems: Imipenem (99%), Meropenem (96%) and Ertapenem (91%). However, they were highly resistant to Ciprofloxacin (97%), Ceftriaxone (91%) and Tobramycin (73%). Despite the recent emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria to Carbapenems, this study showed that Carbapenems could still be used in treating different infections caused by multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae.

Highlights

IntroductionK. pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium, has been recognized to be clinically relevant in that it has the ability to acquire multidrug resistance, limiting therapeutic options for treating infections, thereby posing a serious threat globally, in Nigeria [1]
K. pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium, has been recognized to be clinically relevant in that it has the ability to acquire multidrug resistance, limiting therapeutic options for treating infections, thereby posing a serious threat globally, in Nigeria [1].The usual antibiotic treatments for K. pneumoniae infections include β-lactams such as cephalosporins and carbapenems, aminoglycosides such as gentamycin, and quinolones [2]
K. pneumoniae have various mechanisms of resistance, including those shown by Gram-negative bacteria against various antibiotics, such as Aminoglycosides, Monobactams and Cephems

Summary

Introduction

K. pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium, has been recognized to be clinically relevant in that it has the ability to acquire multidrug resistance, limiting therapeutic options for treating infections, thereby posing a serious threat globally, in Nigeria [1]. K. pneumoniae have various mechanisms of resistance, including those shown by Gram-negative bacteria against various antibiotics, such as Aminoglycosides, Monobactams and Cephems These mechanisms involve loss of porins, that results in reducing the movement of drug through the cell membrane, production of enzymes [3], and the presence of β-lactamases in the periplasmic space, which degrades the β-lactam. They involve increased expression of the transmembrane efflux pump, which expels the drug from the bacterium, target site mutations, which prevents the antibiotic from binding to its site of action, and ribosomal mutations or modifications, which prevent the antibiotic from binding and inhibiting protein synthesis. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Carbapenems on clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae

Methods

Results and discussion

Conclusions