Abstract
As bacterial resistance is becoming increasingly serious, the development of antibacterial nanomaterials is an effective method of solving this problem. Gold nanoparticles have good stability and excellent biocompatibility and are easily modified, and their antibacterial properties can be enhanced by changing their structure and size or adding ingredients. Gold nanoparticles are also excellent drug carriers that can improve the antibacterial effects of loaded antibacterial drugs. After being modified and combined with other antibacterial drugs, gold nanoparticles can also play a better antibacterial role for effective antibacterial strategies against some resistant bacteria. Gold nanoparticles have photothermal effects, and modified gold nanoparticles can be a good medium for photothermal treatments to kill bacteria. By adding functionally modified gold nanoparticles, many materials can obtain much needed antibacterial properties. Gold nanoparticles can also be combined with cations, low-temperature plasma, various surface ligands, and other potential antibacterial agents. In short, the antibacterial characteristics of functionalized gold nanoparticles demonstrate that they have considerable practical application value and provide more ideas to solve antibacterial problems. At the same time, the application of gold nanoparticles in oral biology is also increasing.
Highlights
Because of the emergence and spread of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens, antibiotics often lose their effectiveness over time
Antibacterial drugs can bind to nanoparticles via noncovalent or covalent bonds using gold nanoparticles as carriers for antibacterial drugs, so that antibacterial drugs reach the site of action more effectively, improving their antibacterial effects
Simon et al studied the antibacterial activity of bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), and egg white lysozyme (HEWL) with gold nanoparticles (GNP) against four pathogens
Summary
Because of the emergence and spread of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens, antibiotics often lose their effectiveness over time. The so-called “antibiotic resistance crisis” and iatrogenic infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria result in additional medical costs of up to billions of dollars annually [1,2,3]. Faced with this increasingly severe situation, discovering new antibacterial agents and therapeutic strategies is urgently necessary. Gold is considered a nontoxic nanomaterial, but the substances used for preparation and modification may be toxic This toxicity may be manifested when the concentration of gold nanoparticles is high, but gold nanoparticles produce obvious antibacterial effects. We briefly explain synthesis methods, antibacterial effects, antibacterial mechanisms, applications in oral biology, and shortcomings to provide a reference for future research
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