Abstract
Background: Micro-organisms resistant to most of the commercial antibiotics are rapidly expanding and there is an urgent need for detection of novel antimicrobial compounds. Tooth decay is a dental infection with bacterial sources such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of different concentrations of Citrus limon peel, pineapple fruit, and pineapple peel extracts on oral pathogens such as S. mutants and S. sanguis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the hydroethanolic extracts of the selected plants were prepared by maceration method and their antibacterial effects were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Results: Two-fold dilutions of plant extract solutions were tested to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against each selected microorganism. The results of the current study revealed that pineapple peel extracts had the highest antibacterial effect on S. sanguis (MIC: 1.56 mg/mL and MBC: 3.12 mg/mL). Pineapple fruit had the lowest antibacterial activity against S. mutans (MIC: 25 mg/mL and MBC: 100 mg/mL). C. limon peel had significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sanguis. Conclusion: The peel of C. limon and pineapple had significant antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms such as S. mutans and S. sanguinis.
Highlights
Micro-organisms resistant to most of the commercial antibiotics are rapidly expanding and there is an urgent need for detection of novel antimicrobial compounds
This study aimed to assess the antibacterial properties of C. limon peel, pineapple peel, and pineapple fruit extracts on S. mutans and S. sanguinis
Pineapple peel extract revealed the strongest antibacterial agent in our study with highest inhibition zones (30 mm and 28 mm) and the lowest concentration (1.56 mg/L and 6.25 mg/mL) in our research was observed against S. sanguis and S. mutans, respectively (Figures 1A and 1B; Tables 1 and 2)
Summary
Micro-organisms resistant to most of the commercial antibiotics are rapidly expanding and there is an urgent need for detection of novel antimicrobial compounds. Tooth decay can result in tooth cavity and subsequent dentin loss and pulp injury.[1,2] Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis, belonging to the viridans streptococci, comprise a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria species which are the most commonly known members of the normal flora of the oral cavity. These bacteria produce large polysaccharides such as levan and dextran from sucrose and are responsible for the development of tooth decay.
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