Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Bioactive Chemical Compounds of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Coffea canephora&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; against Microorganisms Involved in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

Flávia M Da Silva,Andréa G Antonio,Leandro A Lobo,Natalia L P Iorio,Lucianne C Maia,Kátia Regina N Dos Santos,Adriana Farah

doi:10.4236/aim.2014.414109

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Coffea canephora aqueous extract (Cc), trigonelline (Tg) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) against cariogenic microorganisms: Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 903 (SP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 (LR); and pathogens related to periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN), Prevotella intermedia ATCC 49046 (PI) and Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563 (PN). Different concentrations of Cc (0.15625 to 10 mg/mL), Tg and 5-CQA (0.005 to 10.24 mg/mL) were tested. Chlorhexidine (0.05%) was used as positive control and the substances without the inoculum comprised the blank control. The Cc showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 5 mg/mL) and LR (MIC = 10 mg/mL). Tg showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), LR (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), FN (MIC = 5.12 mg/mL), PN (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), and PI (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL). Also, Tg showed bactericide properties against SP (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), FN (MBC = 10.24 mg/mL), PN (MBC = 5.12 mg/mL), and PI (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL). Although 5-CQA has previously shown activity against Streptococcus mutans, in the present study, it showed no activity against all tested microorganisms. C. canephora extract only showed antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, not presenting action against periodontal pathogens. It was concluded that trigonelline presented the best effect against all pathogens tested, therefore coffee extracts with higher trigonelline content should be tested against these specific pathogens.

Highlights

Oral health is essential to general health and quality of life
This study aimed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Coffea canephora aqueous extract (Cc), trigonelline (Tg) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) against cariogenic microorganisms: Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 903 (SP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 (LR); and pathogens related to periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN), Prevotella intermedia ATCC 49046 (PI) and Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563 (PN)
In the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of a C. canephora aqueous extract against planktonic forms of both: cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus parasanguinis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus; and some of the main bacteria involved in periodontal disease—Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens

Summary

Introduction

Oral health is essential to general health and quality of life It implies being free from mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancers, oral infection and sores, periodontal disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that limit an individual’s capacity in biting, chewing, smiling, speaking, and psychosocial wellbeing [1]. Despite great achievements in oral health of populations globally, problems still remain in many communities all over the world, since dental caries and periodontal diseases have been considered the most important global oral health burdens [2]. These two most prevalent oral diseases are dental biofilm dependable [3] [4]. Dental biofilm control represents a basic procedure to prevent these oral diseases

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