Abstract
The antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by Maillard reactions against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhimurium was examined. Relatively high antibacterial activity against various microorganisms was noted for the chitosan-glucosamine derivative as compared to the acid-soluble chitosan. In addition, it was found that the susceptibility of the test organisms to the water-soluble chitosan derivative was higher in deionized water than in saline solution. Metal ions were also found to reduce the antibacterial activity of the water-soluble chitosan derivative on S. aureus. The marked increase in glucose level, protein content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was observed in the cell supernatant of S. aureus exposed to the water-soluble chitosan derivative in deionized water. The results suggest that the water-soluble chitosan produced by Maillard reaction may be a promising commercial substitute for acid-soluble chitosan.
Highlights
Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin, composed of glucosamine, known as2-amino-2-deoxy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranan [1,2]
There is a strong association between antibacterial activity and the cationic amino groups (NH3+) in chitosan [16]
Suspending medium and metal ion affect the antibacterial activity of this chitosan derivative
Summary
2-amino-2-deoxy-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranan [1,2]. It is considered to be the most widely distributed. It is a cationic, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polyelectrolyte, with a pKa of approximately 6.5 [3,4]. Nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polyelectrolyte, with a pKa of approximately 6.5 [3,4] It exhibits various potential biological activities, such as antitumor, immunostimulatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties [5,6,7,8]. Glucosamine, like chitosan, contains active amino and hydrophilic a relatively wide pH range [15]. These derivatives may overcome the solubility limitations of chitosan at higher pH. The leakages of intracellular substances, such as glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, and protein, induced by the water-soluble chitosan derivative, were examined
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