Antibacterial, Antioxidant analysis of Phytochemical Extracts derived from seeds of Syzygium cumini L. against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Syzygium cumini is a tropical fruit tree of great economic importance. The fruit is commonly known as jamun (Hindi), java plum, black plum, jambul and Indian blackberry. It is a large, evergreen widely distributed forest tree of India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Australia which is also cultivated for its edible fruits. The tree was introduced from India and tropical Asia to southern Africa for its edible and attractive fruits. S. cumini tree has proved to have medicinal properties against a number of diseases it has a high economic value for the application in the medicinal field its extract contain compound like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides and tannins as the chemical class present in the extracts. In current research study, phytochemical extracts derived from seed of S. cumini for antimicrobial analysis and to explore its potential applications to develop green drug and as an alternative to antibiotics available to cure diseases without side effects. Phytochemical extracts were obtained by using water, methanol and acetone and various tests were performed to evaluate the presence of alkaloids and flavnoids with standard protocol; then biochemical characterization of these extracts were analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to evaluate the phytoconstiutents present in extracts. Then phytochemical extracts derived from seed extracts were examined for antimicrobial effects against various gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteric, E.coli) by disc diffusion method. After incubation period of 24 hrs at 370C zone of inhibition was measured and compared with standard antibiotic chloromphenicol and gentamycin. Antioxidant analysis was determined on the basis of the scavenging effect on the stable DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical activity and heavy metal absorption was also analyzed to detect the potential uses of these extracts as antioxidant. Methanolic extracts have shown more potent antimicrobial effects than water and acetone derived extracts. Terpenoids are well known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities, triterpenes and terpenoids have already been isolated. Saponins are reported to have antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and haemolytic, hepatoprotective and anti- ulcer activities. Findings in current research studies can be implemented to develop green drug and nanoparticles for antimicrobial, anti-diabetic purposes and various immunomodulation studies to improve immunity of an individual.