Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils Against Escherichia coli Isolated from UTI Patients.

Rihab Lagha,Yassin Al-Sodany,Badriah AL-Sarhan,Fethi Ben Abdallah

doi:10.3390/molecules24061161

Rihab Lagha, Yassin Al-Sodany + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061161

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Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Escherichia coli 80% to 85% of the time, are one of the most important causes of morbidity and health care spending affecting persons of all ages. These infections lead to many difficult problems, especially increasing resistance to antibiotic drugs. Bacterial biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and relapses. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of five medicinal plant essential oils against UTIs caused by E. coli using disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) methods. In addition, biofilm inhibitory action of oils was realized by crystal violet. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed a variability between oils in terms of compound numbers as well as their percentages. Antibacterial activity was observed only in cases of Origanum majorana, Thymus zygis and Rosmarinus officinalis, while Juniperus communis and Zingiber officinale did not showed any effect towards E. coli isolates. T. zygis essential oil demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli isolates, followed by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Further, oils showed high biofilm inhibitory action with a percentage of inhibition that ranged from 14.94% to 94.75%. R. officinalis oil had the highest antibiofilm activity followed by T. zygis and O. majorana. Accordingly, tested oils showed very effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against E. coli UTIs and can be considered as good alternative for antibiotics substitution.

Highlights

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity that affects persons of all ages
A total of 58 constituents were identified in tested oils and were distributed as follow: 35, 9, 31, 30 and 13 compounds in J. communis, Z. officinale O. majorana, T. zygis and R. officinalis respectively
The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of O. majorana Essential oils (EOs) ranged from 0.19 mg/mL to 0.78 mg/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) values ranged from 1.56 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. These results indicated that bacteria isolated from female children (MIC from 0.19 to 0.39 mg/mL and MBC at 1.56 mg/mL) were more sensitive to this oil compared to other isolates

Summary

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity that affects persons of all ages. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most frequent agent (about 80%) of UTIs in humans and one of the most common causes of Gram-negative nosocomial infections [2]. Other bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., group B Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are involved [3]. UTIs have increased in Saudi Arabia, and the predominant organisms associated with UTI are E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which are highly resistant to commonly used oral agents [4]. Uropathogenic E. coli contains many virulence factors that allow bacteria a resistance to various host defense mechanisms. Type 1 fimbriae and pili are involved in adherence to host

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