Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with intracranial cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Design This is a retrospective study, and a total of 77 patients with ICH consecutively admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China) during the period of August 2015 to August 2017 were included. The patients were divided into an UTI group (24 cases) and a non-UTI group (53 cases); patients with UTI were diagnosed according to clinical manifestations, recent urinary routines, and urine culture results. The following information in these two groups was recorded: age, sex, course of disease, side of paralysis, location and type of cerebral hemorrhage, disturbance of consciousness or not, the Brunnstrom stage of paralysed lower limbs, number of basic diseases, whether there were complications (tracheotomy, retention catheterization, pulmonary infection, pressure sore, deep venous thrombosis, etc.), whether rehabilitation interventions were conducted, blood routine, biochemistry index, DIC complete set, urine routine, and urine culture data. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the risk factors of UTI in patients with ICH. Results Univariate analysis showed that age, side of paralysis, disturbance of consciousness, the Brunnstrom stage of lower limbs, tracheotomies, retention catheterization, pulmonary infection, leukocyte count, neutrophil proportion, sodium, uric acid, D-dimer, and fibrinogen may be related to UTI in patients with ICH (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (OR (95% CI) = 1.207 (1.022–1.424), P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (OR (95% CI) = 1.207 (1.022–1.424), P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (OR (95% CI) = 1.207 (1.022–1.424), P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (OR (95% CI) = 1.207 (1.022–1.424), Conclusions Increased age and high D-dimer are independent risk factors for UTI in patients with ICH, while right-sided paralysis is a protective factor for UTI in patients with ICH.
Highlights
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a significant complication and a potential risk factor for poor prognosis of stroke
There was no significant difference in pressure sore, venous thrombosis, and rehabilitation intervention between the UTI group and the non-UTI group (P > 0.05), indicating that these factors may not be associated with UTI in patients with Intracranial cerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
Erefore, understanding the risk factors of UTI in ICH patients may lead to more effective prevention and intervention with respect to ICH patients
Summary
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a significant complication and a potential risk factor for poor prognosis of stroke. It has been reported that the incidence of UTI in stroke patients is 14.2–34.7% [1,2,3]. E occurrence of UTI prolongs hospitalization time and increases the costs of ICH, and leads to worsening of the disease, which is a heavy economic and psychological burden to families and society [8,11,12,13]. Erefore, a better understanding of the risk factors of UTI in ICH patients may lead to more timely and effective prevention and intervention measures, which can prevent disease progression and comprehensively improve patient survival and quality of life. Previous studies have reported that increased age is a risk factor for UTI in ICH patients, and patients over 76 years old account for 28.6% of hospital-acquired UTI, while ICH accounts for 34.2% [11].
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