Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale (Roscoe)) ethanolic extract

Milos Nikolic,Olgica Stefanovic,Sava Vasic,Ljiljana Comic,Jelena Djurdjevic

doi:10.5937/kgjsci1436129n

Abstract

The antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of ethanolic extract from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale were evaluated. In vitro antibacterial activity was investigated by microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) have been determined. The values were in the range from 0.0024 to > 20 mg/ml. The most sensitive bacteria were Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Anti-biofilm activity was tested by crystal violet assay. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used as the test organisms. Ethanolic extract showed the best result on Proteus mirabilis biofilm where biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC50) was 19 mg/ml.

Highlights

Biofilm is a community of microbial cells attached to the surface and is embedded in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (DONLAN, 2002)
Previous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts and isolated compounds from Z. officinale possess strong antioxidant (STOILOVA et al, 2007), antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects (HABIB et al, 2008). Both pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria can attach and form a biofilm on food contact surfaces and food product, on the other hand Z. officinale is widely used as spice, so the aim of this study was ginger effectiveness in preventing this problem through the evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Z. officinale, as well as the effect of this extract on biofilm formation against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
Antibacterial activity of tested extract was evaluated by determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in relation to the 13 species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Summary

Introduction

Biofilm is a community of microbial cells attached to the surface and is embedded in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (DONLAN, 2002). Biofilms are sources of diverse problems in food industry, medicine and everyday life. The presence of biofilms in food processing environments is a potential source of contamination that may lead to food spoilage and disease transmission (HOOD and ZOTTOLA, 1995; FRANK, 2001). Bacteria included in biofilm structure are generally more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic cells (LEWIS, 2001; DONLAN and COSTERTON, 2002). Flowers are produced in a dense spike, yellow green with purple endings. This plant is widely distributed in South-Eastern Asia (ROSS, 2005)

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