Antibacterial activity of Ricinus communis plant extract against antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori and Gluconobacter oxydans isolated from fresh apple juices samples.

N. M. Ali,A. Ahsan,B. Mazhar,M. Shahzad,S. Saeed,M. Mustafa,M. Chaudhry,M. G. Shahid,M. Dar,S. Munir

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.253203

Abstract

Bacteria were isolated from samples of Fresh Apple juices from shops of three different localities of Lahore. Analysis of samples from Liberty, Anarkali and Yateem khana Markets show different levels of contamination. There were pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in all samples and were identified by the morphological and biochemical tests. Most of the plasmids of pathogenic bacteria were 4kb in their molecular size. Ribotyping of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was done to confirm Helicobacter pylori strain and Gluconobacter oxydans. The highest sensitivity of 210mm was shown by Enterobacter sp. against Aztheromysine disk (15µg) while Micrococcus sp. was highly resistant against all of the Antibiotics applied. The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria was also checked against Ricinus communis plant's extracts, all isolated bacterial pathogens were resistant but only, E.coli was inhibited at 300µl of the extracts. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in Apple juice samples was due to contamination of sewage water in drinking water while some of these pathogenic bacteria came from Apple's tree and other from store houses of fruits.

Highlights

Many studies have shown that fresh Apple juices consumption can cause a number of diseases associated with bacterial pathogens
There were three pathogenic strains were isolated from the sample of Fresh Apple juice of Liberty Market and all five of bacterial strains were pathogenic that were isolated from the sample of Fresh Apple juice of Anarkali Market while six pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from the sample of Fresh Apple juice of Yateem Khana Market, Table 1
Along other food sources fresh juices are spread bacterial pathogens and Apple juice is widely taken fresh juice on daily bases all over the world. These isolated pathogenic bacteria from the fresh juice of Apple are involved in different kind of human and other animal diseases

Summary

Introduction

Many studies have shown that fresh Apple juices consumption can cause a number of diseases associated with bacterial pathogens. These bacteria enter in the juice from different sources like sanitary, store houses, unhygienic environments of the shops and server . Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacteria, that is spiral in shape and widely spread in the third world’s country These bacteria have flagella that help them to move in the mucus wall of the stomach and grow in the neutral Ph. The helicobacter genus can cause a number of diseases of gastrointestinal tract like Gastritis, Gastric Ulcer, Stomach Cancer and Peptic Ulcer. Plasmids are necessary for the survival of the daughter cells otherwise they could die off as they might show reduced growth rate (Klinter et al, 2010)

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