Abstract
This study aims at assessing the antibacterial efficacies of some plant leaves. In this study, the antibacterial efficacies of Tithonia diversifolia Harm, Secamore afzelli Linn, and Jaundea pinnata Linn were assayed against plasmid-bearing multiple antibiotics resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different water sources in Akure local government, Nigeria. The extracts of the plant leaves were prepared using cold water, hot water, Petroleum ether and Ethanolic solvents. The plant leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and Jaundea pinnata were air-dried and pulverized using an electric blender which were soaked in 1 liter of solvent each for 72 hours after which it was sieved using muslin cloth and filtered using Whatman No 1 filter paper. Filtrates collected in beaker were concentrated in vacuousing rotary evaporator. The extracts were then reconstituted in tween 20 and sterilized with the aid of Millipore membrane filter. Agar well diffusion technique was done by using 1 ml aliquot of 18 hours broth culture that had been adjusted to the 0.5 McFarland standards which was dispensed into sterile Petri dishes and molten sterile Muller-Hinton agar was aseptically poured into the plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Clear zones around the wells were measured in millilitres. The minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts that showed antimicrobial activity were reconstituted by diluting 0.5 g of each in 10 ml of Tween 20 and then sterilized by passing through sterile Millipore membrane filter (0.45 µl). Different concentration of the extracts (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 mg/ml) was used. From this research work, it was observed that the highest plant extract yield was seen in the ethanolic extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and cold water extracts of Jaundea pinnata having 17.8%, 8.6% and 15.7% respectively while the lowest yield was observed in petroleum ether extracts of Secamore afzelli. From the antibacterial analysis, it was observed that Hot water extract of J. pinnata inhibited Acinetobacter baumanni, Salmonella typhimurum while the cold water extracts of T. diversifolia inhibited Enterobacter aerogenes and Shigella dysenteriae.
Highlights
Scientists have carried out many studies on the determination of antimicrobial properties of many natural products; continued research on this area is still promising because of phenomena like spread of multiple drug resistance and emergence of new diseases [1]
The highest percentage recovery observed in ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia, S. afzelli leaves might be due to the polar bonds present in ethanol which is more active in extracting plants’ metabolites
The cold water extract of the same plant was capable of inhibiting V. cholerae while the hot water extract of the plant was capable of inhibiting S. typhimurum and A. baumanni
Summary
Scientists have carried out many studies on the determination of antimicrobial properties of many natural products; continued research on this area is still promising because of phenomena like spread of multiple drug resistance and emergence of new diseases [1]. Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore and some studies described herbal mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections over 2000 years ago [2]. Phytochemical, natural compound occur in plants such as medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits that work with nutrients and fibers to act against diseases or to protect against diseases [4]. This work aims to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia, Secamore afzelli and Jaundea pinnata against plasmidbearing multiple resistant bacteria
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