Antibacterial activities of leaves and seeds extracts of Datura stramonium on Salmonella Typhi and Shigella Species: Potential antimicrobial alternative for gastroenteritis

Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor,Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen,Sunday Danya Sunday Danya,Joyce Briska Joyce Briska,Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown,Paula Paul Shinggu Paula Paul Shinggu

doi:10.30574/wjbphs.2022.9.1.0022

Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth Imarenezor, Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen Onolunosen Abel Abhadionmhen + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.9.1.0022

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Abstract

Datura stramonium is a bushy annual plant belonging to the family Solanaceae. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of seeds and leave of Datura stramonium plant. The test organisms Salmonella Typhi and Shigella species were obtained from stock cultures at the National Veterinary Research Institute in Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. The identification of the test organisms and the plant extracts were done using standard microbiological procedures. The results obtained showed that antibacterial activities of Methanolic leaf extracts of Datura stramonium produced inhibitions zone of 25mm on concentration of 50mg/ml and 25mm on concentration of 100mg/ml against Salmonella typhi while inhibition zone of 20mm, were observed on concentrations 25mg/ml, 50mg.ml and 100mg/ml against Shigella species. The aqueous leaves extracts produced no zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi while zone of inhibitions of 10mm was observed on concentration 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml against Shigella species. The methanolic seeds extract produced zone of inhibition of 20mm on both concentrations of 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml against Salmonella typhi while inhibition zones of 25mm was observed on concentrations 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml against Shigella specie. The aqueous seeds extracts produced no zone of inhibition against both test organisms (Salmonella typhi and Shiegella species). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Datura stramonium methanolic leaves extract of Salmonella typhi was 12.5mg/ml while Shigella Species had MIC of 25mg/ml. There was no MIC of aqueous leaves extract against Salmonella typhi while that of shigella species was 100mg/ml. The MIC of methanolic Seeds extract shows 25mg/ml on both test organisms and no MIC of aqueous seed extract on both test organisms. This research has enormously revealed that extracts of Datura stramonium leaf possess more antimicrobial potency against Salmonella typhi and Shiegella species than the seed extracts. Also, the results also revealed that methanolic extract has more potency than the aqueous extract on either the leaves or seeds of Datura stramonium. Conclusively, Datura stramonium extracts demonstrated bactericidal potential against both Salmonella typhi and Shiegella species which indicate that the plant can be a good resource for herbal drugs that can be used against Gram negative bacteria.

Highlights

Antibiotic resistance continues to cause serious threat to global health [1]
The leaf was weighed 189g and seed was weighed 150g was soaked in 300 ml of 80% methanol and 300ml of sterile distilled water for 72 hours and the soaked samples were filtered out using Whatman No.1 filter paper, the filtrate was evaporated in Rotary Evaporater at 40oC and later heated at 1000c for two hours
Methanolic extracts of Datura stramonium seeds and leaves indicated significant antimicrobial effects at 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml concentrations as inhibitory effect ranging from 20mm and 25mm was observed for Salmonella typhi and Shigella specie

Summary

Introduction

Antibiotic resistance continues to cause serious threat to global health [1]. Bacterial with resistant genes cause lifethreatening illness in humans and pose a significant threat to health and well-being [2]. Are responsible for over 2 million illnesses and about 23,000 deaths annually in the U.S [4]. This has prompted the enormous exploration and adoption of mass production of plant-derived drugs by many pharmaceutical companies as a safe alternative to synthetic drugs which may be expensive but presents with various side effects [5]. Various species of plants have been identified with significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of many microorganisms. The phytochemical properties of plants together with their complex molecular features aid the disruption of antimicrobial resistance by bacterial [9]

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