Abstract
The methanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds were screened for their anti-Vibrio activities against 50 Vibrio isolates obtained from wastewater final effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The crude extracts at 10 mg/mL exhibited appreciable inhibitory activities against most of the test Vibrio isolates, with zones of inhibition ranging from 10–19 mm for methanol extract and 8–15 mm for the aqueous extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the methanol extract varied from 0.313 to 2.5 mg/mL while that for the aqueous extract was 10 mg/mL for all the susceptible Vibrio isolates. Rate of kill assay of the methanolic extracts against three selected Vibrio species showed bacteriostatic activities against all of them achieving 58% and 60% (Vibrio vulnificus AL042); 68% and 69% (Vibrio parahaemolyticus AL049);and 70% and 78% (Vibrio fluvialis AL040) killing of the test bacteria at 3× and 4 ×MIC values, respectively, after 2 h exposure time. We conclude that Garcinia kola seeds hold promise as a potential source of therapeutic compounds of relevance in Vibrio infections management.
Highlights
Vibrio species are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment
The results of the anti-Vibrio activities of the methanol and aqueous crude extracts of Garcinia kola seeds are shown in Table 1.The methanol extract showed activity against 16 (34%) of the test bacteria, whilst the aqueous extract had activity against 12 (24%) out of the 50 Vibrio isolates
It appears that the methanol extract has more potent bacterial activity compared to the aqueous extract
Summary
Vibrio species are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. They appear at high densities in and/or on marine organisms including corals, fish, molluscs, sea grass, sponges, shrimps and zooplankton [1]. Among the major diseases caused by Vibrio species is cholera, which occurs when V. cholerae colonizes the small intestine and releases an enterotoxin [2]. V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus are known to cause seafood-borne infections such as septicemia and wound infections, and V. vulnificus has been reported to be responsible for 95% of seafood-related deaths [3]. Extra intestinal Vibrio infections often result in serious disability or death [4].
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