Antiarthritic and Antihyperalgesic Properties of Ethanolic Extract from Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (Amaranthaceae) Aerial Parts.

Luis Fernando Benitez Macorini,Maicon Matos Leitao,Marcos Jose Salvador,Dayanna Isabel Araque Gelves,Arielle Cristina Arena,Rafael Souza Maris,Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya,Sérgio Faloni De Andrade,Joyce Alencar Santos Radai,Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho

doi:10.1155/2020/4170589

Abstract

Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (Amaranthaceae) is used in folk medicine as a natural analgesic, and in Brazil, the species of genus Gomphrena is used for rheumatism. However, scientific evidence which supports its popular use as an analgesic is scarce. This study assessed the antiarthritic and antihyperalgesic activities of the ethanolic extract obtained from G. celosioides aerial parts on Swiss or C57BL/6 mice. The antiarthritic and antihyperalgesic potential of Gomphrena celosioides was evaluated using paw edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, articular inflammation zymosan-induced, Freund's complete adjuvant-induced inflammation zymosan-induced peritonitis, and carrageenan-induced adhesion and rolling experiment models. All doses of G. celosioides (300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced edema formation in all the intervals evaluated, whereas the mechanical hyperalgesia was reduced 3 hours after the carrageenan injection. The cold hyperalgesia was significantly decreased 3 (700 mg/kg) and 4 hours (700 and 1000 mg/kg) after the carrageenan injection. Ethanolic extract of G. celosioides at 1000 mg/kg reduced the total leukocyte number, without interfering in the protein extravasation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. Ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (300 mg/kg) was also able to reduce significantly the leukocyte migration in zymosan-induced articular edema, while a reduction of the adhesion and migration and leukocyte rolling was induced by the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (300 mg/kg) in zymosan-induced peritonitis. In Freund's complete adjuvant-induced inflammation model, an edema formation and mechanical hyperalgesia reduction were induced by the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides on day 22, whereas the cold allodynia was reduced on day 6 of treatment with the extract. These results show that ethanolic extract of G. celosioides has antihyperalgesic and antiarthritic potential in different acute and persistent models, explaining, at least in part, the ethnopharmacological relevance of this plant as a natural analgesic agent.

Highlights

Scientific evidence has demonstrated that products from natural sources, including medicinal plants, are promising for the development of safe alternatives for the treatment of pain management and inflammatory diseases [1]. us, the ethnopharmacologically guided research has contributed with the identification of new therapeutic agents obtained from plants [2], which often have fewer adverse effects, and is important for patients who use medications for long periods.Gomphrena celosioides Mart., an annual herbknown popularly as “Perpetua Brava,” belongs to the Amaranthaceae family [3] and can be found in America, Australia, and Indomalaysia
Dosumu et al [11] identified and isolated 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylpropenoate from the methanol extract of G. celosioides. ese same authors found aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate from the nhexane extract of G. celosioides [12]
G. celosioides is a species widely used in folk medicine with important bioactive compounds, few scientific studies are found in the literature to confirm its popular indication, especially regarding its antiarthritic and antihyperalgesic potential. us, this study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and antiarthritic activities of the ethanolic extract of the G. celosioides aerial parts in different acute and persistent inflammation models

Summary

Introduction

Scientific evidence has demonstrated that products from natural sources, including medicinal plants, are promising for the development of safe alternatives for the treatment of pain management and inflammatory diseases [1]. us, the ethnopharmacologically guided research has contributed with the identification of new therapeutic agents obtained from plants [2], which often have fewer adverse effects, and is important for patients who use medications for long periods.Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (synonyms G. serrata and G. decumbens), an annual herbknown popularly as “Perpetua Brava,” belongs to the Amaranthaceae family [3] and can be found in America, Australia, and Indomalaysia. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that products from natural sources, including medicinal plants, are promising for the development of safe alternatives for the treatment of pain management and inflammatory diseases [1]. Several chemical compounds with high therapeutic potential, such as hydrocarbons, alcohol, steroids, terpenes, ecdysteroids, flavonoids, saponins, butacyanine, and ketoses, have already been isolated from G. celosioides [9]. De Moura et al [10] identified and isolated chemical compounds from G. celosioides aerial parts, including vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3methoxybenzoic acid, in addition to stigmasterol, sitosterol, and campesterol. Dosumu et al [11] identified and isolated 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylpropenoate from the methanol extract of G. celosioides. Dosumu et al [11] identified and isolated 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylpropenoate from the methanol extract of G. celosioides. ese same authors found aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate from the nhexane extract of G. celosioides [12]

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