Abstract
In the present study we investigated the anti-amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Wistar rats (180-200 g) were trained on active avoidance task. Each animal received session of 15 trials with inter trial duration of 15 s for 5 days. Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was administered at different time periods on the basis of stages of memory i.e acquisition, consolidation and retention in different groups (n = 6). Effect of Vitex negundo extract was evaluated and compared to a standard drug, Donepezil. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in the avoidance response on the 5th session has been observed as compared to 1st session in control group. Scopolamine treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the avoidance response compared to control. Extract treated groups shown significant (p < 0.05) increase in number of avoidance responses as compared to scopolamine treated groups. Increased oxidative stress in brain after scopolamine treatment, as observed by increase in MDA & decrease in GSH & SOD, was lowered in the groups treated with extracts. AChE activity was also improved after V. negundo treatment. Results of the study have shown that V. negundo treated groups decrease the phenomenon of amnesia by increasing learning of memory through antioxidant effect and decreasing AChE activity.
Highlights
IntroductionMemory is the process by which organisms are able to record their experiences and use this information to adapt their responses to the environment
The Memory is the most important function of the brain
Leaves of V. negundo have been investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity [15,20]
Summary
Memory is the process by which organisms are able to record their experiences and use this information to adapt their responses to the environment. It is vital for survival [1]. Central cholinergic system is considered as the most important neurotransmitter involved in regulation of cognitive functions [2]. Scopolamine causes increase in cognitive impairment in healthy elderly subjects compared to young adults [10]. The treatment with AChE inhibitors and muscarinic receptors agonists which increases cholinergic neurotransmission causes an improvement in cognitive deficits in AD [11]. Oxidative stress plays an important role and is one of the major causes for memory loss in AD [12,13]
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