Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the anti-vibrio potentials of acetone and aqueous leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and determine its relevance in the treatment of vibrios infection. Methods: The agar-well diffusion method was used for screening the extracts for their anti-vibrio activity. Broth micro-dilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts. Time-kill assay was used to assess bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity. Results: The acetone extract showed activity against 47.5 % (19/40) of the test bacteria, while the aqueous extract had activity against 30 % (12/40). MIC and MBC values range for the acetone extract were 0.625 – 5.0 mg/mL and 2.5 – 10 mg/mL respectively. The range of MIC exhibited by the antibiotic (gentamicin) against the vibrios is 0.002 mg/mL and >0.256 mg/mL. Significant reduction in the bacterial density was at 2 × MIC after a 4 h interaction period, while bacterial density after 6 and 8 h interactions with extract was highly bactericidal. Growth inhibition and efficacy of the crude acetone extract were observed to be both concentration- and time-dependent. Conclusion: The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities observed for Ocimum gratissimum leaf suggest that the plant is a potential source of bioactive components that may be effective in the treatment of vibrios infections.
Highlights
The increase of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has emerged as an important public health issues, this has showcase debate about the careful use of antimicrobial agents [1]
The bacteria were isolated from fish pond in Benin City, identified using Analytical Profile Index (API 20NE).The Vibrio isolates were found to belong to six species groups’ which include:- V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. mimicus, V. alglinolyticus and Vibrio sp
The results of the anti-vibrio activities of the acetone and aqueous crude extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leave are shown in Table 1.The acetone extract showed activity against 47.5 % (19/40) of the test bacteria, while the aqueous extract exhibited activity against 30 % (12/40)
Summary
The increase of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has emerged as an important public health issues, this has showcase debate about the careful use of antimicrobial agents [1]. There is paucity of information of the anti-vibrio potential of the aqueous and acetone extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves, especially against environmental strains of the bacteria such as those isolated from aquaculture environments. The bacteria were isolated from fish pond (aquaculture environment) in Benin City, identified using Analytical Profile Index (API 20NE).The Vibrio isolates were found to belong to six species groups’ which include:- V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. mimicus, V. alglinolyticus and Vibrio sp The selections of these Vibrio strains were based on their phenotypic characterization to antibiogram profile to more than three groups of different antibiotics. A 0.5 mL of cell density from each bacteria suspension was added to 4.5 mL of different concentrations of the extracts solutions, and the time kill assay was determined at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05 or p < 0.01
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