Abstract
Oldenlandia affinis, commonly called 'kalata-kalata', a versatile plant used locally to treat malaria fever in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa was investigated for anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities. The study was designed to evaluate the antiplasmodial as well as anti-inflammatory activities of whole extract and cyclotide-rich fraction of Oldenlandia affinis. The dichloromethane-methanol extract (ODE) of the plant, O. affinis was investigated for suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei in mice. ODE and the cyclotide-rich fraction (CRF) was investigated for chronic and acute anti-inflammatory activities in rat models of inflammation. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators was studied in RAW264.7 macrophages. ODE exhibited significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean parasitaemia in both the suppressive and curative models of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.Administration of ODE(100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and CRF (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition of rodent models of acute and chronic inflammation . This observation is supported by the significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide (iNO) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the reactive radical scavenging activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings could explain, at least in part, the successes reported in the use of the herb, Oldenlandia affinis in the traditional treatment of malaria fever.
Highlights
Malaria is a global scourge and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in pregnant women and children, and in tropical Africa
Preliminary phytochemical studies on ODE and cyclotide-rich fraction (CRF) showed the presence of a variety of bioactive phytoconstituents in different amounts
Tannins, reducing sugar, glycosides, proteins, acidic compounds, alkaloids and flavonoid were found to be present in ODE while flavonoids, proteins and alkaloids were relatively more abundant in CRF; steroids and terpenoids were present in CRF (Table 1)
Summary
Malaria is a global scourge and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in pregnant women and children, and in tropical Africa. Oldenlandia affinis, commonly called ‘kalata-kalata’, a versatile plant used locally to treat malaria fever in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa was investigated for anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory activities. Results: ODE exhibited significant (p
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