Abstract
Since the potential of (3:1) mixtures of Atractylodes macrocephala and Amomum villosum extracts has been proposed in the management of obesity, the purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of AME:AVE (3:1) mixture on weight loss, obesity-related biochemical parameters, adipogenesis and lipogenesis related proteins in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obesity in a mouse model. Treatment with AME:AVE (3:1) mixture inhibited lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the treatment with 75 and 150 mg/kg of AME:AVE (3:1) significantly decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and plasma glucose level in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, treatment with 75 and 150 mg/kg AME:AVE (3:1) also significantly lowered the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and reduced the lipid accumulation in liver. AME:AVE (3:1) treatment significantly decreased the expression of proteins related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and WAT of HFD-induced obese mice. These results suggest that the AME:AVE herbal mixture (3:1) has anti-obesity effects, which may be elicited by regulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related proteins in adipocytes and WAT in HFD-induced obesity in mice.
Highlights
Academic Editors: Tzu-Ming PanObesity has become a significant clinical problem in recent decades due to its role in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [1,2]
Excessive amounts of lipid can accumulate in adipose tissues accompanied by increased levels of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, which leads to enhanced body weight gain [6]
Obesity and related diseases are strongly linked to adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation [7]. 3T3-L1 cells are widely used in anti-obesity studies to investigate key molecular markers of adipocyte differentiation [8,9,10]
Summary
Obesity has become a significant clinical problem in recent decades due to its role in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [1,2] It is characterized by increased fat mass, which is associated with increased cell number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy) [3,4]. Atractylodes macrocephala is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for approximately 2000 years [14,15] It is rich in bioactive compounds such as atractylenolides I, II, and III [16,17] and exhibits various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant [18], anti-inflammatory [19], antimutation [20], and antitumor effects [21]. Reported by Kim et al [24,25,26]
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