Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activities of extracts of different parts of Lawsonia Inermis, Morus nigra and Ziziphus mauritiana.Methods: The methanol extracts of all three plant materials at concentrations of 10 - 100 μg/mL were tested for their in vitro anti-leishmanial effects on L. tropica KWH23 promastigotes for 24 - 48 h, relative to negative control and amphotericin-B (standard drug). For in vivo anti-leishmanial activity, the extracts were tested against L. tropica-infected albino mice, while cytotoxicity was investigated against mammalian cells (lymphocytes).Results: For Lawsonia Inermis leaves, mean inhibition of extracellular promastigotes at 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL after 48 h were 98.2 ± 0.06, 98.75 ± 1.09, 99.31 ± 0.00 and 100.00 ± 0.00 %, respectively. After 8 weeks, mean lesion size decreased from 0.8 ± 0.2 mm to 0.3 ± 0.1 mm (p < 0.01), and cure at 150 mg/kg against intracellular amastigotes in albino mice was 97.02 % (95 % CI = 96.14 - 98.10). IC50 for Lawsonia inermis leaf extract was 12.22 μg/mL (95 % CI = 11.54 - 13.84) against lymphocytes.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show that Lawsonia Inermis leaf is safe and possesses potent anti-leishmanial activity.Keywords: Leishmania tropica, Lawsonia inermis, Morus Nigra, Ziziphus Mauritiana, Anti-leishmania, Amastigotes, Lymphocytes
Highlights
Lawsonia inermis is commonly known as Henna (Family Lythraceae)
Anti-leishmanial activities of different parts of Lawsonia inermis, Morus nigra and Ziziphus mauritiana were were investigated against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and amastigotes
The harvested promastigotes were subsequently centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min at 4 oC; the supernatant was removed, and the pellet reconstituted in fresh RPMI-1640 medium containing 10 % Fetal bovine serum (FBS) to obtain a concentration of 1.4 × 106 promastigotes/mL in the required volume (10 mL)
Summary
Lawsonia inermis is commonly known as Henna (Family Lythraceae). It is native to Northern Africa and South-Western Asia, and is cultivated in many tropical and sub-tropical regions. Anti-leishmanial activities of different parts of Lawsonia inermis, Morus nigra and Ziziphus mauritiana were were investigated against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and amastigotes. The harvested promastigotes were subsequently centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min at 4 oC; the supernatant was removed, and the pellet reconstituted in fresh RPMI-1640 medium containing 10 % FBS to obtain a concentration of 1.4 × 106 promastigotes/mL in the required volume (10 mL) This was dispensed (10 μl), using multiple pipettes, into 96-well culture plate containing the plant extracts in separate wells at three different concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL), mixed and left in BOD incubator at 26 °C for two days. Each sample was smeared on slides stained with Giemsa and examined under light microscope
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