Abstract
Turbo cornutus, the horned turban sea snail, is found along the intertidal and basaltic shorelines and is an important fishery resource of Jeju Island. In this study, we performed a preliminary study on anti-inflammatory effect of 70% ethanol extract obtained from T. cornutus viscera (TVE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo. TVE reduced the production of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) without any toxic effects. TVE also decreased the protein expression of LPS-induced inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicated that TVE suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kB activation. In zebrafish embryos, TVE did not show developmental toxicity based on the survival rate and cell death findings. In LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos, TVE suppressed NO production and cell death. In conclusion, the result from this preliminary study showed TVE has a potential anti-inflammatory property that can be exploited as a functional food ingredient.
Highlights
The spiny top shell Turbo cornutus (Phylum Mullusca, Class Gastropoda, OrderTrochida) is distributed throughout the coastal regions of South Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, and it inhabits the rocky intertidal zone within a water depth of 20 m [1].T. cornutus is an edible gastropod species, and it commands a high economic value inAsia [2]
The present study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of 70% ethanol extract obtained from T. cornutus (TVE) on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo
The present study results demonstrated that Turbo cornutus viscera ethanol extract (TVE) treatment suppresses the LPSstimulated production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cytokines by inhibiting Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and blocking nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) activation in RAW264.7 cells
Summary
The spiny top shell Turbo cornutus (Phylum Mullusca, Class Gastropoda, OrderTrochida) is distributed throughout the coastal regions of South Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, and it inhabits the rocky intertidal zone within a water depth of 20 m [1].T. cornutus is an edible gastropod species, and it commands a high economic value inAsia [2]. T. cornutus is an edible gastropod species, and it commands a high economic value in. In South Korea, T. cornutus is used as an important fishery resource and is a major gastropod in the marine industry [3]. The highest amount of T. cornutus (83% of the total national fishery production) is produced in Jeju Island, South Korea, and it is a major source of income for Haenyeo (female divers whose practices are listed as a cultural heritage practice by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). T. cornutus is an extremely important marine resource, and studies have evaluated the marine environment of its habitat, resource biology, and population and immune-associated activities of hemocytes in reproductive biology and physiology [1,2,4]. The plausible biological mechanism related to the functional activities of T. cornutus has not been elucidated yet
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