Anti-inflammatory Effect of Commiphora gileadensis L. Induces Cardiovascular Integrity Markers in Male Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Background Cardiovascular disease continues to be a predominant source of morbidity and mortality globally. Commiphora gileadensis L. is a tree under the genus Commiphora. Purpose To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of C. gileadensis L. on cardiovascular and its action in maintaining cardiovascular integrity in Type 1 diabetic mice. Methods Fifty male Bagg albino (BALB/c) mice are classified into five groups: control, untreated diabetic, diabetic C. gileadensis L. sap-treated, methanol extract-treated, and acetone extract-treated. For each mouse in five groups body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), adropin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. In addition, total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ were measured in all groups. Results Compared to the untreated diabetic group, diabetic groups treated with C. gileadensis L. had significantly increased body weight after 6 months ( p < 0.05). Diabetic mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts had significantly lower HbA1c levels than the diabetic untreated group ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, C. gileadensis L. extracts lowered serum urea and creatinine in diabetic mice ( p < 0.05). Triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were reduced in mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was elevated compared with diabetic untreated mice ( p < 0.01). Serum AST and endothelin-1 were significantly decreased in diabetic groups treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts ( p < 0.05), while adropin and NO increased ( p < 0.01). Diabetic mice treated with C. gileadensis L. extracts had significantly lower LD, total CK, CK-MB, and VEGF levels than the untreated diabetic group ( p < 0.01). In addition, C. gileadensis L. reduces CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, while increases CD4+ CD25+, and CD8+ CD25+ subsets in diabetic mice ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion C. gileadensis L. induces the levels of cardiovascular integrity markers (adropin and NO) and reduces cardiovascular malfunction markers [endothelin-1 (ET-1) and VEGF] in diabetic mice. The observed properties could be attributed to the antioxidant activity of C. gileadensis L. Furthermore, C. gileadensis L. may help in the prevention of atheroma formation by reducing CD4+ and CD8+ and increasing T regulatory cells (CD4+ CD25+ and CD8+ CD25+).