Anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cytoprotective potential of the Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. pulp oil.

Fernando Freitas De Lima,Maria Do Carmo Vieira,Monica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,Renata Trentin Perdomo,Caroline Honaiser Lescano,Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya,Thalita Vieira Do Nascimento Ximenes,Cláudia Andrea Lima Cardoso,Eliana Janet Sanjinez-Argandoña,Simone Schneider Weber,Iluska Senna Bonfá Moslaves,Jucicléia Da Silva Arrigo,Janclei Pereira Coutinho,Mohamed T Khayyal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195678

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cytoprotective activity of the Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng pulp oil was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. As for the chemical profile, the antioxidant activity was performed by spectrophotometry, and the profile of carotenoids and amino acids by chromatography. Our data demonstrated that A. phalerata oil has high carotenoid content, antioxidant activity and the presence of 5 essential amino acids. In the in vitro models of inflammation, the oil demonstrated the capacity to inhibit COX1 and COX2 enzymes, the production of nitric oxide and also induces macrophages to spreading. In the in vivo models of inflammation, the oil inhibited edema and leukocyte migration in the Wistar rats. In the in vitro model of antiproliferative and cytoprotective activity, the oil was shown inactive against the kidney carcinoma and prostate carcinoma lineage cells and with cytoprotective capacity in murine fibroblast cells, inhibiting the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin. Therefore, it is concluded that A. phalerata pulp oil has anti-inflammatory effects with nutraceutical properties potential due to the rich composition. Moreover, the oil also has cytoprotective activity probably because of its ability to inhibit the action of free radicals.

Highlights

The fruits of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) are known as bacuri, acuri or motacu in the Brazilian Cerrado
The method allowed to estimate the relative capacity of the antioxidant compounds contained in the A. phalerata oil pulp (APOP) to inhibit the linoleic peroxide radicals from oxidizing the β-carotene contained in the system (β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion) [31]
The high content of carotenoids presents in the APOP encouraged us to investigate the potential effect on the inhibition of COX; and production of nitric oxide, there are no data in the literature about its inhibition

Summary

Introduction

The fruits of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae) are known as bacuri, acuri or motacu in the Brazilian Cerrado. The pulp of "bacurizeiro" fruits are important foods for animals such as agouti, wild boars, macaws, parakeets, besides serving as raw material for starch. Pharmacological potential of the Attalea phalerata Mart. Pulp oil Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The high nutritional value of the fruit presents a promising nutraceutical food due to the presence of beneficial minerals, high amount of lipids, most of which are short chain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in addition to the presence of provitamin A carotenoids [1,3,4]. The pulp oil is popularly used to relieve joint pain, pulmonary congestion [1,2] and antipyretic [5]. The fruit has a high content of carotenoids in its composition, predominantly β-carotene, βzeacarotene and α-carotene and high levels of fatty acids, mainly monounsaturated [3,4,6]

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