Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of cerium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for drug-free biomedical applications.

F Kurtuldu,A.R Boccaccini,A.M Beltrán,L Liverani,D Galusek,H Kaňková

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100150

Abstract

Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs) are attracting significant attention as suitable materials for multifunctional biomedical applications. In this study, cerium was incorporated into MBGNPs using two different approaches. In the first approach, cerium was added to the glass system directly during the synthesis, while in the second approach, cerium was added to the as-synthesized MBGNPs via the template ion-exchange method. The influence of the method of synthesis on the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles was examined by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. The MBGNPs exhibited spheroidal morphology and disordered mesoporous structure. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the nanoparticles. The chemical composition was determined by the acid digestion method using ICP-OES. The influence of the synthesis method on the specific surface area, mesoporosity, and solubility of synthesized nanoparticles in Tris/HCl (pH 7.4) and acetate (pH 4.5) buffer has also been studied. The obtained Ce containing MBGNPs were non-cytotoxic toward preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells in contact with nanoparticles in a concentration of up to 100 μg/mL. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ce containing MBGNPs was tested with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced proinflammatory RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Ce containing MBGNPs decreased the release of nitric oxide, indicating the anti-inflammatory response of macrophage cells. Ce containing MBGNPs also showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The mentioned features of the obtained MBGNPs make them useful in a variety of biomedical applications, considering their biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory response, and enhanced antibacterial effect.

Highlights

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are an extraordinary class of biomaterials suitable for numerous biomedical applications, from bone regeneration and wound healing to cancer treatment [1,2,3]
The morphology of the synthesized mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM)
The addition of metallic ions did not affect the amorphous nature of the mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNPs)

Summary

Introduction

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are an extraordinary class of biomaterials suitable for numerous biomedical applications, from bone regeneration and wound healing to cancer treatment [1,2,3]. Additional therapeutic ions can be incorporated into the silica network, such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Ag, Ga, and Ce, in order to provide specific biological functions (e.g. osteogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory response, antibacterial activity) to MBGNPs [10,12]. In this way, MBGNPs can be tailored to perform dual delivery of drugs (e.g. antibiotics, enzymes, growth factors) and biologically active ions for specific biomedical applications [13]. BGs containing biologically active ions (e.g. cerium, selenium) could be used to control the ROS level, which further promotes desired biological activities like osteogenesis or anti-inflammatory response [18,19,20]

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Conclusion