Abstract
<p>One of the main risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers and cancer is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which is accompanied by considerable oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of B. trimera hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and aqueous (AqF), hexanic (HxF), and acetonitrile/chloroform (ACF) fractions, as well as their oxidant potentials.</p><p>A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed using a microdilution assay. After exposure to the investigated samples, the bacterial morphology was analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The antioxidant activity was evaluated in hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •- ), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (HO • ) and nitric oxide (NO • ) assays.</p><p>The highest concentration of polyphenols was found in HE, the highest concentration of flavonoids was found in ACF, and of tannins was found in AqF. In the anti-H. pylori assay, the MIC 90 was 512 µg/mL for HE and 1024 µg/mL for ACF, which was bactericidal. The SEM showed morphological alterations such as cell lysis in the tested samples. In the O 2 •- inhibition assay, the EC 50 of AqF was 5.85 ± 0.86. In the HOCl, HO • radical, NO • and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays, the best results were in ACF, with an EC 50 of 15.50 ± 0.80, 2.90 ± 0.48, 132.13 ± 7.38 and 66.70 ± 2.30 µg/mL, respectively. The analyses indicate that compounds present in B. trimera, especially in HE and ACF, are promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by H. pylori.</p>
Highlights
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer worldwide
The virulence factor known as H. pylori neutrophil activating protein (HP-NAP) activates the enzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which increases neutrophil oxygen consumption, resulting in the so-called oxidative burst
Compounds that are able to minimise the damage caused by oxidative stress and have anti-H. pylori activity are crucial for treating infections with this bacterium
Summary
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer worldwide. H. pylori produces progressive damage to the gastric mucosa and has been shown to cause various diseases, including gastritis, ulcers and MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma of the stomach. The oxidative burst triggers the release of superoxide anion (O2-) into the extracellular space or phagosomes, and other relevant reactive species may be produced, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (HO), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). An excess of these reactive species is associated with various pathological conditions, including gastric cancer [6].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
