Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol nano polymer on the blood biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
 Methods: The synthesized nano polymer (NP) was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as IR, HNMR and CNMR. Loading and releasing of thymol were investigated by HPLC. Eleven groups of the Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats (overall 110 males) were tested through various biochemical factors such as: serum glucose, insulin, liver function-related enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin by ELISA kit methods.
 Results: It has shown that thymol nano polymer is desirable for transferring drug. The amount of thymol loaded on NP estimated at 43±2.5 %. Then, 65% of the loaded drug was released. LD50 for thymol and thymol nano polymer were 435 and 583 mg/kg, respectively. thymol nano polymer at doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced blood glucose, increased insulin levels, and controlled liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.
 Conclusion: The use of thymol nano polymer appears to be a new aspect concerning to protect diabetes-induced damage in the animal model.
Highlights
One of the most common metabolic diseases is diabetes mellitus (DM), which is defined by hyperglycemia due to the weakness of body cells to use glucose properly [1]
By using spectroscopic methods such as IR spectra, 1H, and 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the structure of the synthesized nano polymer modified by oleic acid (NP) were evaluated
Fig. 2: 1H NMR spectrum of nano polymer modified by oleic acid (NP) in D2O 83
Summary
One of the most common metabolic diseases is diabetes mellitus (DM), which is defined by hyperglycemia due to the weakness of body cells to use glucose properly [1]. Hyperglycemia is the common symptom of these diseases that alterative of glucose and changes in liver enzyme levels [3]. Fluctuating levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are mostly the result of the leakage of these enzymes from the cytosol of hepatocytes in the bloodstream [5]. Treatment for this pathology is multifaceted, which includes physical activity, dietary changes, and decrease in absorption of glucose in the gastrointestinal system and drug therapy [6]. It has been shown that the root extract of ashwagandha has improved diabetic disorders by reducing oxidative stress [10]
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