Abstract
Objective:Breast cancer is the most common case of cancers. Apitheraphy has been traditionally used for abundance diseases. This study aims to evaluate and compare the anti-breast cancer activity of melittin from Indonesia’s Apic cerana as a potential drug for treating breast cancer.Methods:Apis cerana bee venom (BV) was collected from a bee farm in Cikurutung, Bandung using an electrical venom device. The BV was then purified using the ÄKTA Start system and HiTrap™ SP HP cation exchange chromatography column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to identify melittin based on its molecular mass and lowry’s protein assay to measure melittin concentration. Melittin cytotoxicity was measured with brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), while MCF-7 breast cancer cells MTT assay was used to measure its anti-breast cancer activity, based on inhinition rate. Results:95.432 μg/mL melittin is purified from 62.8 mg/L BV, using cation exchange chromatography. Melittin in vitro analysis with MCF-7 MTT assay is used to determine anti-breast cancer activity in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, melttin BSLT result showed a LC50 16.67675 μg/mL. Therefore, the MTT assay was conducted in 5, 10 and 15 μg/mL with MCF-7 inhibition values of 0.768 ± 0.014, 3.303 ± 0.011, and 35.714 ± 0.009 %, respectively. Conclusion:Indonesia’s Apis cerana has the potential to be used as a therapeutic peptide for breast cancer treatment.
Highlights
According to a 2020 study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), every year, approximately 19.3 million people across 185 countries suffer 138 types of cancer with 10.0 million deaths
This study aims to evaluate and compare the anti-breast cancer activity of melittin from Indonesia’s Apic cerana as a potential drug for treating breast cancer
SDS-PAGE profile of Figure 2 shows that bee venom (BV) from Apis cerana has a high concentration of protein of peptide in the ~19.2 and < 7.5 kDa region
Summary
According to a 2020 study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN), every year, approximately 19.3 million people across 185 countries suffer 138 types of cancer with 10.0 million deaths. The most common type is female breast cancer (2.26 million), followed by lung (2.21 million), and prostate (1.41 million) (Ferlay et al, 2021). The most common causes of cancer mortality in 2020 was lung (1.79 million), liver (830,000), stomach (769,000), and female breast cancer (685,000) (Ferlay et al, 2021). Indonesia recorded about 396,914 numbers of new cancer cases and 234,511 deaths in 2020. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (2021), the most frequent number of cancer cases in 2020 was female breast cancer (65,858), cervix (36,633), and lung (34,783). Many studies have been carried out to improve and modify chemotherapy, using other substances such as monoclonal antibodies (mAB) (Boyiadzis and Foon, 2008; Hara et al, 2020), CRISPR/Cas enzymes (Huang et al, 2018), plants (Hussain et al, 2020; Koohpar et al, 2015), and animal derived substances (Ceremuga et al, 2020)
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