Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the inhibitory effect of fruit extracts from Washingtonia filifera on skin aging-related enzymes. The pulp extracts did not exert a significant enzyme inhibition while seed extracts from W. filifera exhibit anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. Tyrosinase was mildly inhibited while a stronger effect was observed with respect to elastase and collagenase inhibition. Alcoholic extracts provided better results than aqueous extracts. Among them, methanol extracts showed the prominent enzyme inhibitory activities being IC50 value for elastase and collagenase comparable and even better than the reference compound. The inhibition mode of the most active extracts was investigated by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis. Seed extracts from W. filifera were also investigated for their photo-protective effect by Mansur equation and the antioxidant activity of W. filifera extract was evaluated in oxidative-stressed cells. To evaluate the safety of the extract, the effect on cell viability of human keratinocytes cells was analyzed. Methanol extract presented the best photo-protective effect and exerted an antioxidant activity in a cellular system with no cytotoxic effect. The overall results demonstrate that W. filifera extracts are promising sources of bioactive compounds that could be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparation.
Highlights
Skin aging is a complex biological phenomenon due to the physiological decrease in skin functions and several extrinsic environmental factors, such as UV radiation, chemicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Collagen is the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) a2nodf 1t2he major structural protein in human skin, providing structural support for bones, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels
Elastase (EC 3.4.21.36) is a proteolytic enzyme involved in the physiological degradation of elastin, the ECM protein responsible for skin elasticity. thAenphinycsrieoalsoegiocfaelldasetgarsaedaacttiiovnitoyfhealsasbteinen, tfhoeuEnCdMin pservoteerianl dreissepaosnessi,bfloerfionrstsaknincee, lpassotirciiatsyi.s, Adneirnmcraetaitsies,oifnefllaamstamseataocrtyivpitryocheasssebse,eannfdoupnredminatsuerveesrkalindiasgeiansge,s,wfohricihnsatraenccleo, speslyoraiasssiosc, ideartmedatwitiitsh, itnhfleafmormmaatotiroynporfocwersisneks,leasnd[4p].remature skin aging, which are closely associated with thMe oforermovaetrio, nonoef wofritnhkelemsa[j4o]r. changes associated with wrinkling in the elderly is the appMeaorraenocveeor,fothnee hoyf ptheerpmigamjoerncthedansgpeostsa,sasloscoiaktneodwwnitahs wserninilekllienngtiignotohreaegldeesrplyotiss
Summary
Skin aging is a complex biological phenomenon due to the physiological decrease in skin functions and several extrinsic environmental factors, such as UV radiation, chemicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Degradation of ECM is mainly due to the enhanced activity of proteolytic enzymes, such as collagenase and elastase. Inhibition of these enzymatic activities by natural plant compounds might be a promising approach to prevent skin aging [3]. Collagen is the fibrous component of the ECM and the major structural protein in human skin, providing structural support for bones, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Collagen is the fibrous component of the ECM a2nodf 1t2he major structural protein in human skin, providing structural support for bones, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Elastase (EC 3.4.21.36) is a proteolytic enzyme involved in the physiological degradation of elastin, the ECM protein responsible for skin elasticity. Threelyataerdeednizryemctleynaasmsoecdiatyterdoswiniatshe.uTnyervoesninpasigem(EeCnt1a.t1i4o.n18d.1u)eisttohethreataec-ltiimviittyinogfeannzoytmheerin agthinegm-reetlaabteodlisemnzoyfmmeenlaanmine.dIttcyartoasliynzaesset.hTeyhryodsirnoaxsyela(tEioCn 1o.f1L4.-1ty8.r1o)siinsethtoe 3r,a4t-ed-ilhimyditrionxgyenpzhyemnyelianlatnhienme (eLta-DboOliPsAm),offomlloewlaendinb. yIttchaetaolxyizdeastitohne ohfyLd-rDoxOyPlaAtiotondoof pLa-tqyurionsoinnee.toOx3i,4d-adithivyedrpooxlyypmheernizyalatiloannionfed(Lop-DaqOuPiAn)o,nfeoldloewrievdatbivyetshgeivoxesidraistieotnoomf Lel-aDnOinPA[5]t.oTdhoepsayqnuthineosniseo. f Omxiedlaatnivine ppioglmymenetrsiziastiaonphoyfsdioolpoagqicuailnopnroecdesesritvhaattivpelsaygsivaescrruisceiatol rmoleelainninpr[e5v].enTthinegsyUnV- wptUdshpouitswprVeniorpicoos-ntrdttoiiarnsiiksnTNuonttn.asldohnockTNetaS.nefurulshtiioSeatdnnumcsauaristige,cnrubnnsseaaadeirc,knrgdlnbenleaaitiorsdnhndnnhphlekrtoiihipehdylmebihndranilepniimsybnaaeatpektdopinmsntlsatirikragteotnaplpiassirmnmprcanirgpisgoiccrosnceaeiuomfciodgonsgtudmabcfhumsetemotluysmaenhclusbecltiutteamlmlensstyahalbstttmtaateiecohaasiicctotooobspteiaosoioinutncrsbhuosaanbsolvtoynclnbdoidraiaovvsndofsbcninfeibgibvoaimsbdm-mneelneaidlUobge-lemeaeaegsadllVdleaosUolipaeepsccinrsdnorccsVoarrgicoauairiiolnnarbccgmtusnpmiiaaneaubcosclrtuidianeieaonnisogssouduiclsfeiehenonienssmngtttfgeesesegho.hznsssmtosteDyhtpzsototss.hmoeioybekrkuoDpeatsumoiibrinenvprtnoedrcoseaeecpisenpyvtdplsemnple,aoreadyrtmioltofonayti,ihsbtedsfybbstakstetlihiliybseraisroeatnpekemeitsmadcrorsirpaeprcnaessveasurgptsdrmcafseiasceirosvtvunsngiiemuarfeaeavctgisotaclnhnnseacuerhgo[rgtotntra6osceaummeitas]o[olsngr.e6si,eamtmepecn]hieptrs.opncaehepex,pruepaeceoppeteonpeysxuaraetpisdpeecysnonrslevaisiapepgdnc.srepn.iallgassOcneyrcl.nlaopt.efyaiilcdOnrmpgoeaoiugemaffg--ocref--patirctiuclualrarinitnetreersetstfoforraanntti-i-aaggiinnggaapppplliiccaattiioonn aarree tthheeeexxttrraaccttssppoosssesesssisninggmmuultlitpilpelebebneenfiecfiiacilal fufnucntciotinosn,ss,uscuhchasatshteheinihnihbiibtiiotinonofoafgaignign-gre-rlealtaetdedeneznyzmymeseasnadndthtehceacpaapcaitcyityofosfcsacvaevnegnignigng frfereereardaidciaclas.ls
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