ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF AGSUCHAY

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of the research is to determine the transformation characteristics of the forest ecosystems of the Agsuchay basin of the Greater Caucasus and to analyze the results of anthropogenic effects. The methodological basis For the study of anthropogenic effects in forests there were used satellite images, scientific literature and the results of observations in experimental areas. Results: The article analyzes the initial state of forest ecosystems in the upper reaches of the Agsuchay and the subsequent anthropogenic transformation. The causes, directions and consequences of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems in the research areas are shown. Due to the mountainous nature of the study area (750-2200 m a.s.l.), the trees formed here have very important tree species in terms of composition. As a result of anthropogenic transformation, the formation, development and gradual expansion of landslides on bare slopes as a result of deforestation and destruction. Scientific novelty: The obtained scientific results can be used to prevent the transformation of forests and restore the forest cover in the study area. As a result of anthropogenic transformation, deforestation and deforestation, landslides were formed, developed and gradually spread on bare slopes. At the same time, the directions and dynamics of anthropogenic transformation are reflected in the altitudinal belts. On the plains of the Agsuchay basin, forests are cut down mainly for the construction of farms and public catering establishments, and in mountainous areas, forests are cut down for firewood. Grazing in forests also leads to the drying up and destruction of forests. At the same time, this area has been inhabited since ancient times due to its geographical location, climate, water and land resources. Over time, large cities were formed here. As the population grew, the economy expanded, the number of livestock increased, and the anthropogenic impact also increased. People who thought about increasing their income by increasing the amount of arable land and pastures and increasing the number of livestock did not take into account the natural landscape of the area. They began to use it blindly, unplanned and intensively.