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Abstract
The use of colors in food industry is essential for the creation of new products or their improvement. As an important pigment group, anthocyanin could be used as a natural coloring pigment in foods. This study aims at exploring strategies that result in color stability of anthocyanin in pear‐shaped variety of blueberry (Cornus mas–Macrocarpa). In this study, the effects of different pH values (1, 2, 3, 4) as well as various concentrations (0, 120, 240, 480, 960 mg/L) of five copigments, including tannic, caffeic, benzoic, and coumaric acids, on anthocyanin copigment complexes (ratio 1:1) were investigated. The studied copigments were tannic, caffeic, benzoic, and coumaric acids. Anthocyanin was influenced by the highest concentration of 960 mg/L copigment in the presence of different pHs. Five groups were considered, one of which contained anthocyanin without copigment and the rest consisted of copigments. To evaluate the response of copigmentation through spectrophotometer, absorbance from samples was measured after 30 min of adding copigment to anthocyanin in the range of 450–600 nm wavelengths. The results showed that caffeic acid possessed the greatest anthocyanin stability compared to other copigments and it was the best copigment. An increase in the concentrations of copigments led to a higher level of anthocyanin stability and changes in hyperchromic and bathochromic. Moreover, the results revealed that the strongest hyperchromic effect for all organic acids was observed in pH 2, and the strongest bathochromic changes were observed in pH 4.
Highlights
Pear-shaped variety of blueberry (Cornus mas–Macrocarpa) belongs to the Cornaceae family; a shrub to a height of about 5–8 m with tiny leaves that grows in the vast region of Europe and Asia especially Arasbaran (Kaleibar) forests(Hassanpour, Hamidoghli, & Samizadeh, 2012, 2013)
Anthocyanin concentration was considered stable in the present research and by changing the concentration of copigment, the results were evaluated based on changes at the concentration of copigment
Due to the fact that anthocyanins were stable, it could be deduced that the ratio of bathochromic shift and hyperchromic effect depends on the concentration of copigment
Summary
Pear-shaped variety of blueberry (Cornus mas–Macrocarpa) belongs to the Cornaceae family; a shrub to a height of about 5–8 m with tiny leaves that grows in the vast region of Europe and Asia especially Arasbaran (Kaleibar) forests(Hassanpour, Hamidoghli, & Samizadeh, 2012, 2013). Blueberry contains tannins and organic acids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and antioxidant melatonin. Anthocyanins are a large subgroup of flavonoids responsible for red, purple, and blue colors in flowers, fruits, and vegetables (Chandrasekhar, Madhusudhan, & Raghavarao, 2012; Malaj, de Simone, Quartarolo, & Russo, 2013). They play an important role in the treatment of high blood pressure, liver disorders, diarrhea, and urinary problems such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and the common cold
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