ANTALYA İLİ ZEYTİNLİKLERİNDEKİ ZARARLILARA KARŞI BİYOLOJİK MÜCADELE OLANAKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

This study had been carried out between 1986-1993 in some olive groves in Antalya province. The population dynamics of olive pest and their natural enemies were determined by beating, knock-down and visual observation methods. The population densities of olive kernel borer, olive bark beetle, olive fruit fly and black scale were determined by survey ant their parasitoids and parasitism rates were found out by culturing method. The presence periods of the natural enemies in olive orchards were tried to be determined. In olive groves 34 species of olive pests and 65 species of natural enemies as parasitoids, predators and entomopathogen were determined. The population level and effectiveness of some beneficial insects were found relatively high. Ageniaspis fuscicollis Dalm., Elasmus albipennis Thoms , E.fabellatus, Bracon variegator Spinole, Chelonella depressa Thoms, Phanerotoma sp., Chelonus oculator Panz, C.cingulipes, Phanerotomella kerteszii Szepl. and Pediobius sp. as parasitoids of olive kernel borer; Psyllaephagus euphyllurae Silv. as parasitoid and Anthocoris nemoralis Fabr., A.minki, Deraeocoris delagrangei Put., Heterotoma dalmatinum Wgn., Campyloneura virgula H.-S., Myrmecoris gracilis (T.Sahlb.), Mimocoris coarctatus (Ms.et Rey) and Orius niger (Wolff.) as predators of olive psylla; Eupelmus urozonus Dalm., Crytoptyx dacicida Masi. and Opius concolor Szepl. as parasitoids of olive fruit fly; Scutellista cyanea Motsch. and Metaphycus sp. as parasitoids and Chilocorus bipustulatus L. and Scymnus spp. as predators of black scale; Telenomus spp. as parasitoids of Agalmatium bilobum Fieb.; Cheiropachus quadrum F., Metacolus unifasciatus Forst., Rhaphitelus maculatus Walk., Eurytoma morio Boh., Dendrosotinus ferrigineus Marsh. and Ecphylus sp. as parasitoids and Nemosoma elongatum L., Denops albofasciatus (Charp.,), Opilo taeniatus Kol., C.virgula and M.gracilis as predators of olive bark beetle; Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr.) and Platygaster sp. as parasitoids of olive leaf midge; Microterys masii Silv. as parasitoids of olive cottony scale and F.follicularis, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill as entomopathogen of F.follicularis ; Elachertus sp. as parasitoid of leopard moth; Exochus sp. as parasitoid and D.albofasciatus and O.taeniotus as predators of Apate monachus F.; Aphytis sp. as parasitoid of olive white fly; A.nemoralis as predator of olive thrips; Asilus sp. as predator of Calocoris trivialis Costa and C.annulus; Cybocephalus fodori E.-Y., Pharoscymnus pharoides Mars., C.bipustulatus and Scymnus spp. as predators of olive tree scale and olive scale; Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.), Anisochrysa genei Ramb., A.zelleri, A.prasina, Suarius nanus Mclachlan, Conwentzia hageni Banks, Nagusta goedeli (Klt.), Raphidia ressli Asp. et Asp. and Mantis religiosa L. as general predators of olive pest had been determined by this study. In olive orchards the natural enemies reached their maximum level between the second half of April and the first half of June. For this reason, it will be suitable to make the chemical control applications before or after this period for protecting and continuing the natural balance. The natural enemies of olive kernel borer, olive psylla and black scale were most active in April, May and June. For this reason if the population level of the natural enemies of target pest are rather important it will be advantageous to preserve them in these periods in olive orchards. If the parasitoids of olive fruit fly are active in olive orchards, the chemical applications should be delayed for protecting them between late June and the first half of September, because they are most active in these periods.