Antagonismo in vitro de cepas de Aspergillus y Trichoderma hacia hongos filamentosos que afectan al cultivo del ajo

Abstract

This research focused on studying the antagonistic capability of 22 strains of filamentous fungi to Penicillium sp. and Fusarium spp. garlic pathogens, via in vitro confrontation. Either pathogen or antagonist strains were isolated from the rhizosphere or vegetative organs of garlic mature plants collected from Celaya, Guanajuato. Eight out of 22 fungal strains inhibited the growth of the pathogens; six of them belonged to Aspergillus species: A. nidulans, A. ochraceus (2 strains), A. wentii (2 strains), and A. niger, and the remaining two strains belonged to the genus Trichoderma spp. Mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition were the main mechanisms by which the fungal strains inhibit the growth of Penicillium and Fusarium. There were variations among antagonists to attack the pathogens and their fungal structures. In general, antagonists caused grouping, deformation, and lysis on conidia, as well deformation, lysis, and winding on mycelia of the pathogens.