Abstract
Anonymous is a social movement that emerged from the convergence of hacker culture and grassroots political movements. The movement has undergone three distinct phases: an incubation phase in which it was strongly influenced by the anonymous online culture of the internet forum 4chan; a politicization phase, during which it was involved in the organization of global campaigns for internet freedom against the Church of Scientology and in solidarity with Wikileaks; and a phase of transnational diffusion in which chapters of Anonymous appeared in dozens of countries around the world to support local issues such as denouncing government corruption, police brutality, and human rights abuses. Recently, media and cultural studies scholars have engaged in a lively debate over the political significance of Anonymous within the broader context of the online culture wars that have marked the first two decades of the twenty‐first century.
Published Version
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