Abstract
TiO2 nanotube arrays are very attractive materials by their vertically aligned porous nanostructures. They are easy to make using an anodic oxidation process in organic and inorganic electrolytes containing halogen ions, like fluorine and chlorine. Their growth tendency, various microstructures of TiO2 nanotube arrays, was fabricated and analysed with controlling of anodic oxidation process parameter like applied voltage, process time, electrolyte temperature, concentration of ammonium fluoride and DI water in ethylene glycol electrolyte, voltage applying and dropping rate, grain orientation, and size of titanium foil. Pore diameter and length were controlled in the range of 16 nm to 178 nm and 0.2 μm to 14.6 μm, respectively. Some tendencies of their growth were observed with different anodic oxidation variables. This growth tendency of TiO2 nanotube arrays is should be considered before they used in many applications, and if optimal structure for each application was fabricated and used, they will show better performance.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide has excellent chemical, electrical, and optical properties and chemical stability
The various microstructures of TiO2 nanotube arrays were obtained with anodic oxidation process time from 10 min to 60 min at 60 V and 30°C in ethylene glycol electrolyte with 0.5 wt% NH4F and 2.2 vol% DI water
TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated on differently annealed titanium foil not concentration of ammonium fluoride and DI water in ethylene glycol electrolyte, voltage applying and dropping rate, grain orientation, and size of titanium foil were controlled
Summary
Titanium dioxide has excellent chemical, electrical, and optical properties and chemical stability For that reason, it is used in many different fields of study and industry, such as dye-sensitized solar cells [1,2,3], perovskite sensitized solar cells [4,5,6], photocatalysts [7], metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors [8, 9], dental implants [10, 11], interferometric sensors [12, 13], photonic crystals [14], and other applications. TiO2 nanotube arrays are very attractive materials for higher electron transport materials by their vertically aligned porous nanostructures They have large specific surface area, open window, and excellent chemical and mechanical properties, and it have extended the application fields to photoanode of organic solar cells and others.
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