Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries Based on an Ultrathin and Respirable Interphase Layer.

Abstract

Anode-free lithium (Li) metal batteries are desirable candidates in pursuit of high-energy-density batteries. However, their poor cycling performances originated from the unsatisfactory reversibility of Li plating/stripping remains a grand challenge. Here we show a facile and scalable approach to produce high-performing anode-free Li metal batteries using a bioinspired and ultrathin (250 nm) interphase layer comprised of triethylamine germanate. The derived tertiary amine and LixGe alloy showed enhanced adsorption energy that significantly promoted Li-ion adsorption, nucleation and deposition, contributing to a reversible expansion/shrinkage process upon Li plating/stripping. Impressive Li plating/stripping Coloumbic efficiencies (CEs) of ~99.3% were achieved for 250 cycles in Li/Cu cells. In addition, the anode-free LiFePO4 full batteries demonstrated maximal energy and power densities of 527 Wh kg-1 and 1554 W kg-1, respectively, and remarkable cycling stability (over 250 cycles with an average CE of 99.4%) at a practical areal capacity of ~3 mAh cm-2, the highest among state-of-the-art anode-free LiFePO4 batteries. Our ultrathin and respirable interphase layer presents a promising way to fully unlock large-scale production of anode-free batteries.