Abstract
Situated dialogic corpora are invaluable resources for understanding the complex relationship between language, perception, and action as they are based on naturalistic dialogue situations in which the interactants are given shared goals to be accomplished in the real world. In such situations, verbal interactions are intertwined with actions, and shared goals can only be achieved via dynamic negotiation processes based on common ground constructed from discourse history as well as the interactants' knowledge about the status of actions. In this paper, we propose four major dimensions of collaborative tasks that affect the negotiation processes among interactants, and, hence, the structure of the dialogue. Based on a review of available dialogue corpora and annotation manuals, we show that existing annotation schemes so far do not adequately account for the complex dialogue processes in situated task-based scenarios. We illustrate the effects of specific features of a scenario using annotated samples of dialogue taken from the literature as well as our own corpora, and end with a brief discussion of the challenges ahead.
Highlights
Dialogue corpora are of great utility to a diverse set of researchers, ranging from those who intend to test theories of language use in human social situations to researchers developing artificial agents that can effectively interact with humans via natural language
Our focus in this paper is on annotation schemes that capture structures of negotiation processes in joint action dialogues, building on speech-act related theories (e.g., Allen and Perrault, 1980; Cohen and Levesque, 1980) to describe dialogic actions in discourse
We reviewed existing dialogue corpora across various interaction settings to investigate the different linguistic and non-linguistic aspects that affect how interactants negotiate joint actions and update their common ground in task-based dialogues
Summary
Dialogue corpora are of great utility to a diverse set of researchers, ranging from those who intend to test theories of language use in human social situations (e.g., conversation analysis, discourse analysis) to researchers developing artificial agents that can effectively interact with humans via natural language (human-computer and human-robot interaction). The less shared perception there is, the greater the ANNOTATION OF JOINT ACTION DIALOGUES participants’ reliance on dialogue for updating their common ground; this enhances the need for annotating further layers of the dialogue that convey crucial information (e.g., intonational patterns, types of referential expressions, discourse markers, syntactic complexity, types of dialogue acts, etc.) We conclude by a brief discussion of the challenges ahead and consequences for dialogue annotation and corpus data collection
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