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Abstract
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) comprises a mixture of plants and stops bleeding via forming a protein network by erythroid aggregation. Bleeding causes reduction of iron levels in body. It has been indicated that ABS contains significant amount of iron. Thus, we investigated the biological activity of ABS-derived iron on iron-regulated genes during iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA We selected Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines as in vitro models of human intestine and liver, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was induced by deferoxamine. The cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and ABS. Messenger RNA levels of iron-regulated genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to elucidate whether iron in ABS behaved similar to inorganic iron (FAC) during IDA. The results showed that ABS-derived iron influenced transcriptions of iron-regulated marker genes, including divalent metal transporter (Dmt1), transferrin receptor (TfR), ankyrin repeat domain 37 (Ankrd37), and hepcidin (Hamp) in IDA-induced Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Our results suggest that when ABS is used to stop tissue bleeding, it might have an ability to reduce levels of IDA.
Highlights
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is commonly used to stop bleeding of tissues.[1,2] It has been shown that ABS reduces the growth rate of pathogens indicating its protective effect against microorganisms.[3]
We found that ABS significantly reduced transferrin receptor (TfR) and Dmt[1] messenger RNA (mRNA) induction in Caco[2] cells (Figure 1A and B)
Ferric ammonium citrate treatment showed very similar results that we observed from ABS treatment in terms of TfR and Dmt[1] mRNA regulation in both cell lines under deferoxamine mesylate (DFO)-induced iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) (Figure 1)
Summary
Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is commonly used to stop bleeding of tissues.[1,2] It has been shown that ABS reduces the growth rate of pathogens indicating its protective effect against microorganisms.[3]. It has been recently reported that ABS contains iron.[7]
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