Abstract
The characteristic layer-by-layer structure of a Selective Laser Sintered food product inherently results in anisotropic mechanical properties which depend on the laser sintering parameters. Tailoring these mechanical properties by the printing process enables food customization. The mechanical behavior and microstructure of printed starch-based food were characterized by means of uniaxial compression testing and Computed Tomography. Two directions were considered: the build direction and the principal in-plane direction. By increasing the area energy density from 14 J/cm 2 to 82 J/cm 2 , the stiffness in build direction was more than tripled, whereas the stiffness in the in-plane direction remained unaffected and the fracture stress was more than doubled. Moreover the ductility in the build direction decreased. These effects are a combination of the change in microstructure, with average relative density ranging from 42% to 50%, and a change in local mechanical properties. In-situ compression tests revealed heterogeneous crack propagation in the material. • The structure and properties of Selective Laser Sintered food were investigated. • Laser parameters were varied to study the effect on the mechanics of 3D printed food. • Two distinct orientation-dependent failure modes were identified. • The microstructure was characterized to explain the process-property relations.
Highlights
Selective Laser Melting (SLM), typically used for metals, whereas small droplets of a liquid binding agent are used for this purpose in binder jetting (Godoi et al, 2016; Goodridge et al, 2012; Tan et al, 2020; Yuan et al, 2019).In Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) of polymers and SLM of metals, mechanical properties of the 3D printed product are often optimized by changing the process pa rameters that influence the amount of energy provided by the laser to the powder, which are the laser power, scanning velocity, hatch distance and layer thickness
The two distinct types of behavior were clearly visible on video recordings of the deformation of the sample taken during the test
There is no visible separate effect of the velocity v but the results suggest an influ ence of the hatch distance hd that is not included in the formulation of the area energy density, given in Equation (1)
Summary
Selective Laser Melting (SLM), typically used for metals, whereas small droplets of a liquid binding agent are used for this purpose in binder jetting (Godoi et al, 2016; Goodridge et al, 2012; Tan et al, 2020; Yuan et al, 2019). In SLS of polymers and SLM of metals, mechanical properties of the 3D printed product are often optimized by changing the process pa rameters that influence the amount of energy provided by the laser to the powder, which are the laser power, scanning velocity, hatch distance and layer thickness. The presented work focusses on food customization using SLS. It is generally not desired that products have maximized texture properties, such as hardness and cohesiveness Two aspects of mechanical properties of 3D printed objects are impor tant: the presence of anisotropy in mechanical properties and the rela tion of these properties to the process conditions
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